Development of Collateral Vessels after Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion in Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Relates to Stroke Etiology: A Longitudinal Study.

Background And Purpose: The characteristics of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the acute phase of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke and their natural history according to stroke etiology are poorly explored. This studied aimed at describing the prevalence and the radiological evolution of LVO in pediatric AIS.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included consecutive non-neonate children with acute arterial ischemic stroke, intracranial proximal LVO in the anterior circulation (MCA, anterior cerebral artery, and/or ICA), and clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 18 months, during a 9-year period.

Pediatric brain arteriovenous malformation recurrence: a cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recurrence following obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is common in children surgically treated, but recurrences following endovascular (EVT) and radiosurgical approaches are scantily reported.

Objective: To analyze the rates and risk factors for AVM recurrence after obliteration in a single-center cohort of children with ruptured AVMs treated with multimodal approaches, and to carry out a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of current data.

Methods: Children with ruptured AVMs between 2000 and 2019 enrolled in a prospective registry were retrospectively screened and included after angiographically determined obliteration to differentiate children with/without recurrence.

Acute surgical management of children with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation.

Objective: Rupture of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the main etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in children. Ensuing intracranial hypertension is among the modifiable prognosis factors and sometimes requires emergency hemorrhage evacuation (HE). The authors aimed to analyze variables associated with HE in children with ruptured AVM.

Etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage in children: cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Objective: Understanding the etiological spectrum of nontraumatic pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH) is key to the diagnostic workup and care pathway. The authors aimed to evaluate the etiological spectrum of diseases underlying pICH.

Methods: Children treated at the authors' institution for a pICH were included in an inception cohort initiated in 2008 and retrospectively inclusive to 2000, which was analyzed in October 2019.

Rest Functional Brain Maturation during the First Year of Life.

The first year of life is a key period of brain development, characterized by dramatic structural and functional modifications. Here, we measured rest cerebral blood flow (CBF) modifications throughout babies' first year of life using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging sequence in 52 infants, from 3 to 12 months of age. Overall, global rest CBF significantly increased during this age span.

Risk Factors for Early Brain AVM Rupture: Cohort Study of Pediatric and Adult Patients.

Background And Purpose: Whether architectural characteristics of ruptured brain AVMs vary across the life span is unknown. We aimed to identify angioarchitectural features associated with brain AVMs ruptured early in life.

Materials And Methods: Patients with ruptured brain AVMs referred to 2 distinct academic centers between 2000 and 2018 were pooled and retrospectively analyzed.

Hydrocephalus in children with ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

Objective: Hydrocephalus is a strong determinant of poor neurological outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In children, ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are the dominant cause of ICH. In a large prospective cohort of pediatric patients with ruptured bAVMs, the authors analyzed the rates and predictive factors of hydrocephalus requiring acute external ventricular drainage (EVD) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS).

Neural basis of interindividual variability in social perception in typically developing children and adolescents using diffusion tensor imaging.

Humans show great interindividual variability in the degree they engage in social relationship. The neural basis of this variability is still poorly understood, particularly in children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neural basis of interindividual variability in the first step of social behavior, that is social perception, in typically developing children.

First Line Onyx Embolization in Ruptured Pediatric Arteriovenous Malformations : Safety and Efficacy.

Purpose: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are the main cause of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH). Embolization with Onyx (ev3, Irvine, CA, USA) in children with ruptured bAVM has been infrequently reported. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy profile of Onyx embolization as first line endovascular treatment of ruptured pediatric bAVMs.

Incidental Brain MRI Findings in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The detection of incidental findings on children's brain MR imaging poses various practical issues because the life-long implications of such findings may be profound.

Purpose: Our aim was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of incidental brain MR imaging findings in children.

Data Sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane) were searched for articles published between 1985 to July 2018, with the following search terms: "incidental," "findings," "brain," "MR imaging.

Neural and behavioral signature of human social perception.

Social behavior is extremely variable among individuals, and the neural basis of this variability is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neural basis of interindividual variability in the first step of social behavior, that is, social perception. For that purpose, we first used eye-tracking to measure social perception during the passive visualization of socially relevant movie clips.

CT and Multimodal MR Imaging Features of Embryonal Tumors with Multilayered Rosettes in Children.

Background And Purpose: Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered, are brain tumors occurring in young children, which were clearly defined in the 2016 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system neoplasms. Our objective was to describe the multimodal imaging characteristics of this new entity.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective monocentric review of embryonal brain tumors and looked for embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes with confirmed C19MC alteration.

Impact of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid collection in frontal morphology after surgical treatment of scaphocephaly.

Background: Infants with sagittal suture synostosis often present a pathologic dilatation of subarachnoid spaces. The impact of such subarachnoid spaces' enlargement in the morphology of the skull, especially on the forehead and on the surgical outcome, was analyzed.

Methods: Children less than 6 months of age undergoing a surgical correction of the scaphocephaly with Renier's H technique between 2003 and 2008 were included in the study.

Arterial Spin Labeling and Central Precocious Puberty.

Purpose: To evaluate a non-invasive method to assess the progressivity of idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) by quantifying perfusion of the pituitary stalk with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test as a reference test to define progressive CPP.

Methods: In a single center retrospective study, 52 consecutive patients, observed between October 2015 and April 2017 and referred with early signs of puberty, were evaluated using the GnRH test and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with peripheral or non-idiopathic puberty were excluded.

Verrucous hemangioma (also known as verrucous venous malformation): A vascular anomaly frequently misdiagnosed as a lymphatic malformation.

Verrucous hemangioma or verrucous venous malformation is a superficial venous malformation frequently misdiagnosed as a lymphatic malformation because of its classical hyperkeratotic appearance. Clinical characteristics of VVM were studied in patients with a histologically confirmed VVM, and validated in a prospective study of 18 patients. VVM was made of separated vascular elements with irregular shape, in a linear disposition, with variable thickness and keratosis.

Bronchopulmonary sequestrations in a paediatric centre: ongoing practices and debated management.

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is the second most common congenital lung malformation, with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.15% to 1.8%.

Cerebral blood flow changes after radiation therapy identifies pseudoprogression in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

Background: The interval between progression and death in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is usually <6 months. However, reports of longer patient survival following radiotherapy, in the presence of radiological signs of progression, suggest that these cases may be comparable to pseudoprogression observed in adult glioblastoma. Our aim was to identify such cases and compare their multimodal MRI features with those of patients who did not present the same evolution.

Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Development and Validation of a Modified Score.

Purpose To propose and validate a modified pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) (mPICH) score and to compare its association with functional outcome to that of the original PICH score. Materials and Methods Data from prospectively included patients were retrospectively analyzed. Consecutive patients with nontraumatic PICH who had undergone clinical follow-up were included.

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Treatment-Induced Changes to Diffuse Infiltrating Pontine Gliomas in Children and Correlation to Patient Progression-Free Survival.

Purpose: To use multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify treatment-induced changes in the whole volume of diffuse infiltrating pontine gliomas and correlate them with progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods And Materials: This prospective study included 22 children aged 3.3 to 14.

Safety and efficacy outcomes of 3rd generation DES in an all-comer population of patients undergoing PCI: 12-month and 24-month results of the e-Biomatrix French registry.

Objectives: The French Ebiomatrix registry aimed to confirm the results of the Leaders trial in an all-comer population in France.

Background: The Leaders trial showed the Biolimus-eluting-sent (BES) to be equivalent to the Cypher stent in terms of safety and efficacy at 1 year and superior regarding stent thrombosis after 1 year.

Methods: BES recipients were enrolled in 42 French centers with up to 24-month clinical follow up.

De novo mutations in CBL causing early-onset paediatric moyamoya angiopathy.

Background: Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is characterised by a progressive stenosis of the terminal part of the internal carotid arteries and the development of abnormal collateral deep vessels. Its pathophysiology is unknown. MMA can be the sole manifestation of the disease (moyamoya disease) or be associated with various conditions (moyamoya syndrome) including some Mendelian diseases.