Genomic surveillance and vaccine response to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineage in Rio Grande do Sul.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by novel viral variants, posing challenges to global public health. Recombination, a viral evolution mechanism, is implicated in SARS-CoV-2's ongoing evolution. The XBB recombinant lineage, known for evading antibody-mediated immunity, exhibits higher transmissibility without increased disease severity.

Pipeline validation for the identification of antimicrobial-resistant genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a global threat to healthcare and an important cause of nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial resistance causes prolonged treatment periods, high mortality rates, and economic impacts. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has been used in laboratory diagnosis, but there is limited evidence about pipeline validation to parse generated data.

Transcriptional landscape of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 channels throughout human tissues.

Aims: This article aims to analyze the baseline distribution of TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 channels in human systems at the transcriptional level.

Main Methods: Using the RNA-seq dataset from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) gene database, we investigated and compared the transcriptional levels of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8 found in 95 human subjects representing 33 different tissues to determine the tissue specificity of all protein-coding genes.

Key Finding: In this study, we observed higher transcriptional levels for TRPV1 (duodenum), TRPA1 (Urinary bladder), TRPV4 (Kidney) and TRPM8 (Prostate) compared to the other TRPs.

Chalcogenium-AZT Derivatives: A Plausible Strategy To Tackle The RT-Inhibitors-Related Oxidative Stress While Maintaining Their Anti- HIV Properties.

Background: This study presents the synthesis and multi-target behavior of the new 5'-hydroxy-3-(chalcogenyl-triazoyl)-thymidine and the biological evaluation of these compounds as antioxidant and anti-HIV agents.

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy induces oxidative stress. Based on this, this manuscript's main objective is to prepare compounds that combine anti-HIV and antioxidant activities.

Development of a rapid electrophoretic assay for genomic DNA damage quantification.

Accuracy, sensitivity, simplicity, reproducibility, and low-cost are desirable requirements for genotoxicity assessment techniques. Here we describe a simple electrophoretic assay for genomic DNA lesions quantification (EAsy-GeL) based on subjecting DNA samples to rapid unwinding/renaturation treatments and neutral agarose gel electrophoresis. The experiments performed in this work involved different biological samples exposed to increasing environmental-simulated doses of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, such as Escherichia coli, human leukocytes, and isolated human genomic DNA.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Tools in the Study of Hg Toxicity: What Is Missing?

Mercury is a hazardous substance that has unique neurodevelopmental toxic effects in humans. However, the precise sequence of molecular events that culminate in Hg-induced neuropathology is still unknown. Though the omics studies have been generating an enormous amount of new data about Hg toxicity, our ability to interpret such a large quantity of information is still limited.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new antioxidant and antiproliferative chalcogenobiotin derivatives for bladder carcinoma treatment.

Approximately 90% of bladder carcinomas are of the urothelial carcinoma type, which are characterized by high rates of recurrence and predisposition to progress to invasive tumors, representing one of the most costly neoplasms for health systems. Intravesical chemotherapy is a standard for the treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer. However, chemotherapy is usually aggressive and cytotoxic, which increases the death rates caused by cancer.

Simultaneous exposure to vinylcyclohexene and methylmercury in Drosophila melanogaster: biochemical and molecular analyses.

Background: Exposure to vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and methylmercury (MeHg) can induce oxidative stress and gene modulation. Several studies have been evaluating the effects of VCH and MeHg, but little is known about interactive effects between them. This work aimed to assess the exposure and co-exposure effects of MeHg and VCH on oxidative stress and gene modulation in Drosophila melanogaster.

High level of methylmercury exposure causes persisted toxicity in Nauphoeta cinerea.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant abundantly present in the environment. The long-term effects of MeHg have been investigated in rodents, yet data on the long-term or persisted toxicity of MeHg in invertebrates is scanty. Here, we examined the acute, intermediate, and chronic effects upon dietary administration of MeHg in nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea.

Antioxidant and mercury chelating activity of Psidium guajava var. pomifera L. leaves hydroalcoholic extract.

Mercury (Hg) is widely distributed in the environment and is known to produce several adverse effects in organisms. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity and Hg chelating ability of the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava leaves (HEPG). In addition, the potential protective effects of HEPG against Hg(II) were evaluated using a yeast model (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Regioselective synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of dihydropyrimidin-4-ols as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

A new series of 3,6-disubstituted 2-(methylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-ols displaying methyl, phenyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups at the 6-position; and methyl, ethyl, allyl, and phenyl groups at the 3-position of the dihydropyrimidine ring, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Seven compounds showed activity with IC values in the lower micromolar range. The compound 4-trifluoromethyl-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-methylthio-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-ol (6e) had the best inhibitory activity (IC 2.

Synthesis, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of 5'-arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine (ACAT) derivatives.

This article presents the preparation and biological activities of new 5'-arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine derivatives as antioxidants (inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of the free radical 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and demonstration of a thiol peroxidase-like activity) as well as antitumoral agents against bladder carcinoma 5637. The chalcogeno-aminothymidines presented prominent activity in the tests for both biological properties, showing a direct relation with the chalcogenium atom.