Multivariate statistical analysis as a tool for monitoring drinking water sources in an Atlantic Rainforest Conservation Unit.

Water quality monitoring is paramount in identifying and mitigating pollution sources, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and ensuring safe water for human and wildlife consumption. This study is aimed at evaluating the quality of drinking water sources in three communities located in a Sustainable Use Conservation Unit in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, employing a multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 161 water samples were collected from January to December 2022, encompassing 32 surface water and 129 tap water samples.

Assessment of crAssphage as a biological variable for SARS-CoV-2 data normalization in wastewater surveillance.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the use of cross-assembled phage (crAssphage) as an endogenous control employing a multivariate normalization analysis and its application as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) data normalizer.

Methods And Results: A total of 188 twelve-hour composite raw sewage samples were obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) during a 1-year monitoring period. Employing the N1 and N2 target regions, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 94% (177) and 90% (170) of the samples, respectively, with a global median of 5 log10 genomic copies per liter (GC l-1).

Influence of TRPV1 on Thermal Nociception in Rats with Temporomandibular Joint Persistent Inflammation Evaluated by the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD).

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-associated inflammation contributes to the pain reported by patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It is common for patients diagnosed with TMD to report pain in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints, headache, and jaw movement disturbances. Although TMD can have different origins, including trauma and malocclusion disorder, anxiety/depression substantially impacts the development and maintenance of TMD.

Upregulation of FosB/ΔFosB in limbic circuits after tooth exodontia-induced occlusal instability in an experimental model of unpredictable chronic stress.

Psychological stress and occlusal alterations are contributing etiologic factors for temporomandibular and muscular disorders in the orofacial area. The neural modulation recruited for this relationship, however, is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate potential central mechanisms involved in the exodontia-induced occlusal instability associated with unpredictable chronic stress (UCS).

Development of a Chemical Reproductive Aging Model in Female Rats.

Women are born with an abundant but finite pool of ovarian follicles, which naturally and progressively decreased during their reproductive years until menstrual periods stop permanently (menopause). Perimenopause represents the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life. It is usually characterized by neuroendocrine, metabolic and behavioral changes, which result from a follicular depletion and reduced number of ovarian follicles.

Temporomandibular inflammation regulates the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in limbic structures.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is characterized by acute or chronic orofacial pain, which can be associated with inflammatory processes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and emotional disorders. Peripheral and central sensitization in painful orofacial processes is common, and it can be triggered by peripheral inflammatory challenge with consequent neuroinflammation phenomena. Such neuroinflammation comes from inflammatory products from supportive cells, blood-brain barrier, and extracellular matrix.

Modulation of tonic immobility by GABAA and GABAB receptors of the medial amygdala.

Tonic immobility (TI) is a temporary state of profound motor inhibition associated with great danger as the attack of a predator. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory evidenced high Fos-IR in the posteroventral region of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MEA) after induction of the TI response. Here, we investigated the effects of GABA and GABA of the MEA on TI duration.

Restricted lesions of the ventrolateral or dorsal columns of the periaqueductal gray promotes distinct effects on tonic immobility and defensive analgesia in guinea pigs.

Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive response exhibited by prey when physical contact with a predator is prolonged and inescapable. This defensive response is able to activate analgesia mechanisms; this activation has adaptive value because, during an attack by a predator, the manifestation of recuperative behaviors can affect the appropriate behavioral defense strategy. Some studies have suggested that similar structures of the central nervous system can regulate the response of both TI and nociception.

Distinct effect of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the medial nucleus of the amygdala on tonic immobility behavior.

The tonic immobility (TI) response is an innate fear behavior associated with intensely dangerous situations, exhibited by many species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. In humans, it is possible that TI predicts the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. This behavioral response is initiated and sustained by the stimulation of various groups of neurons distributed in the telencephalon, diencephalon and brainstem.