Soil health as a proxy for long-term reclamation success of metal-contaminated mine tailings using lime and biosolids.

Mine lands contaminted with heavy metals pose environmental risks, and thus reclamation is paramount for improving soil, plant, animal, and ecosystem health. A metal-contaminated alluvial mine tailing, devoid of vegetation, received 224 Mg ha of both lime and biosolids in 1998, and long-term reclamation success was quantified in 2019 with respect to soils, plants, and linkages to animals. Reclamation success was quantified using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), in conjunction with bioavailable (0.

The relationship between implicit motives and physical activity: a scoping review.

Background: Interventions that leverage implicit motives - affect-based, non-conscious motivational dispositions - may increase physical activity by making physical activity more pleasurable. However, there is no evidence synthesis of the empirical data linking the major implicit motives (achievement, affiliation, and power motives) and physical activity. We aimed to close this research gap.

Assisted resolution and self-change: differences between healthcare systems.

This editorial discusses a study by Day and colleagues, in which the authors investigated the prevalence of resolution of alcohol and other drug problems in the UK and compared people who resolved their problems with and without treatment.

Are long-term alcohol health harms overlooked in individuals with illicit drug problems? Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in a Danish cohort of clients in residential rehabilitation for drug use disorders.

Aims: This study described the burden of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among those who had been enrolled in residential treatment for drug use disorders in Denmark and investigated whether self-reported information on alcohol use provided at treatment admission can be used to assess risk for future serious alcohol-related harms.

Methods: At baseline (entry in drug use disorder treatment during 2000-10), clients completed a European adaptation of the Addiction Severity Index-5. We tracked 4981 clients through 2018 using multiple national registers to identify fully (100%) alcohol-attributable hospital contacts and deaths.

Predictors of retention in heroin-assisted treatment in Denmark 2010-2018 - A record-linkage study.

Introduction: While randomized-controlled trials have shown that heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) is superior to methadone maintenance alone in treatment of refractory clients, little is known about client factors associated with retention in HAT in routine care.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed predictors of retention in first treatment episode among a consecutive cohort of clients admitted to HAT in Denmark from 2010 to 2018, who could be matched to the Danish population register and for whom a Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was available at admission (N = 432). The study derived predictors from client self-reports at intake and administrative data available in national registers.

The cost of monitoring in time-based prospective memory.

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) involves remembering to perform actions at specific times in the future. Several studies suggest that monetary consequences improve prospective remembering; however, the effect of monetary consequences on strategic time monitoring (i.e.

Continuous glucose monitoring for automatic real-time assessment of eating events and nutrition: a scoping review.

Background: Accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge, particularly in free-living settings. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shows promise in optimizing the assessment and monitoring of ingestive activity (IA, i.e.

Who receives heroin-assisted treatment? A comparison of patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment in Denmark.

Background: Since 2010, heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) has been one of the treatment options available to people with opioid use disorder (OUD) in Denmark. This study aimed to characterize HAT patients at treatment start and compare their individual characteristics to those of patients entering traditional opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) with methadone or buprenorphine during the same period.

Methods: Patients who initiated HAT or OMT with methadone or buprenorphine in Denmark from 2010 to 2018 were included (n=6798).

The impact of parental substance use disorder and other family-related problems on school related outcomes.

Aims: To identify young people with different levels of family-related problems, including parental substance use disorder (PSUD), and investigate differences in grades at graduation from compulsory school and further enrollment in education.

Methods: Participants included 6784 emerging adults (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark 2014-2015. Latent classes were constructed using the following parental variables: PSUD, offspring not living with both parents, and parental criminality, mental disorders, chronic diseases and long-term unemployment.

Extending the Hoyle-State Paradigm to ^{12}C+^{12}C Fusion.

Carbon burning is a key step in the evolution of massive stars, Type 1a supernovae and superbursts in x-ray binary systems. Determining the ^{12}C+^{12}C fusion cross section at relevant energies by extrapolation of direct measurements is challenging due to resonances at and below the Coulomb barrier. A study of the ^{24}Mg(α,α^{'})^{24}Mg reaction has identified several 0^{+} states in ^{24}Mg, close to the ^{12}C+^{12}C threshold, which predominantly decay to ^{20}Ne(ground state)+α.

Using the alcohol use disorders identification test to predict hospital admission for alcohol-related conditions in the Danish general population: a record-linkage study.

Background And Aims: Most studies validating the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) have either assessed its factor structure and/or test-retest reliability or used diagnostic interviews as validators of current alcohol use disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AUDIT and AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores are associated with subsequent risk of hospital admission for alcohol-related disorders and diseases (ARDDs).

Design: We used a historical cohort study.

Changes in Alcohol Use in Denmark during the Initial Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Further Evidence of Polarization of Drinking Responses.

Introduction: The year 2020 was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy responses to COVID-19 affected social and economic life and the availability of alcohol. Previous research has shown an overall small decrease in alcohol use in Denmark in the first months of the pandemic.

Hazardous drinking and violence-related hospitalizations in the Danish general population: A historical cohort study.

Background: It is well documented by case-control and case-crossover studies that hazardous drinking and the risk of experiencing violence-related injuries are related. The present study investigated this relationship in a cohort of general population survey respondents in Denmark using subsequent hospital admissions for violence.

Methods: The cohort consisted of participants in the 2011 Danish national survey on alcohol and drugs (N = 5126).

How Do Register-Based Studies Contribute to Our Understanding of Alcohol's Harms to Family Members? A Scoping Review of Relevant Literature.

Objective: This review maps the research literature on register-based studies of alcohol's harms to family members and identifies areas for future research.

Method: Using a scoping review methodology, the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched in August 2019 with keywords to identify studies that included register-based outcome sources, a family relationship, and an exposure to heavy drinking. In total, 5,961 records were screened, 403 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 91 studies were included in the final review.

Large-scale production of Y and Zr/Y generators: A proof of concept study for a 70 MeV H cyclotron.

The large-scale production of Y with proton-induced reactions has been investigated from the perspective of new generation 70 MeV H cyclotrons. Tandem target configurations are presented for both the direct production of Y as well as for producing Zr/Y generators. Based on the relevant excitation functions, physical yields have been derived for Y production with YO/SrCO tandem targets and Zr production with Zr/YO tandem targets.

Pairing of thorium with selected primary target materials in tandem configurations: Co-production of Ac/Bi and U/Th generators with a 70 MeV H cyclotron.

Several radionuclide production facilities based on a new generation of high-current, 70 MeV H cyclotrons have been established in recent years and a number of new facilities are either under construction or being planned. In this study, the feasibility to produce Ac/Bi and U/Th generators via Th + p reactions at such a facility has been investigated. From the perspective of production yields, it has been found useful to compare the relevant reactions on thorium with those on other targets regularly employed in this energy region, in particular the Mg(p,x)Na, Ga(p,x)Ge, and Rb(p,x)Sr reactions that have been exploited with 66 MeV proton beams at iThemba LABS for many years.

Training Population Optimization for Genomic Selection in .

is a perennial grass with potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production. To ensure its utility for this purpose, breeding efforts should focus on increasing genetic diversity of the nothospecies × (M×g) beyond the single clone used in many programs. Germplasm from the corresponding parental species (Msi) and (Msa) could theoretically be used as training sets for genomic prediction of M×g clones with optimal genomic estimated breeding values for biofuel traits.

Serial Synapse Formation through Filopodial Competition for Synaptic Seeding Factors.

Following axon pathfinding, growth cones transition from stochastic filopodial exploration to the formation of a limited number of synapses. How the interplay of filopodia and synapse assembly ensures robust connectivity in the brain has remained a challenging problem. Here, we developed a new 4D analysis method for filopodial dynamics and a data-driven computational model of synapse formation for R7 photoreceptor axons in developing Drosophila brains.

A footprint of past climate change on the diversity and population structure of Miscanthus sinensis.

Background And Aims: Miscanthus is a perennial C4 grass that is a leading potential feedstock crop for the emerging bioenergy industry in North America, Europe and China. However, only a single, sterile genotype of M. × giganteus (M×g), a nothospecies derived from diploid M.

Time characteristics of the effect of alcohol cessation on the risk of stomach cancer--a meta-analysis.

Background: In the Bagnardi et al. (2001) meta-analysis, it was found that alcohol consumption increases the risk of stomach cancer (OR = 1.32 for heavy drinkers).

Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity.

Background And Aims: The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3) are precursors of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators which have critical roles in inflammation. The mediators formed from the different PUFA have different potencies. We hypothesised that metabolic changes associated with colonic mucosal inflammation would modify the bioavailability of the eicosanoid precursors AA and EPA.

A comparison of four telephone-based counseling styles for recovering stimulant users.

The continuing development and refinement of empirically supported interventions to increase participation in posttreatment care and promote sustained abstinence from illicit drug use is a priority for the addictions field. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined and relative effectiveness of four types of counseling styles, delivered by telephone, relative to a no call control condition. Stimulant users (N = 302) were randomized to one of four low-cost, telephone support protocols (unstructured/nondirective, unstructured/directive, structured/nondirective, structured/directive) or a standard referral to aftercare without telephone counseling (control).

Precise turnaround time measurement of laboratory processes using radiofrequency identification technology.

Background: To implement Lean Six Sigma in our central laboratory we conducted a project to measure single pre-analytical steps influencing turnaround time (TAT) of emergency department (ED) serum samples. The traditional approach of extracting data from the Laboratory Information System (LIS) for a retrospective calculation of a mean TAT is not suitable. Therefore, we used radiofrequency identification (RFID) chips for real time tracking of individual samples at any pre-analytical step.