Preserved Serotonin Transporter Availability in Parkinson Disease Measured with Either [C]MADAM or [C]DASB: A Study Including 2 Separate Cohorts of Nondepressed Patients.

Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was assessed using 2 tracers, [C],-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine ([C]DASB) and [C],-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-fluoromethylphenylthio)benzylamine) ([C]MADAM), in independent cohorts of patients and controls. This study aimed to independently confirm whether SERT remains intact in nondepressed individuals with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD), because the use of diverse methodologies could potentially yield disparate results. Seventeen PD patients (5 women and 12 men; age, 64 ± 7 y; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score, 23 ± 5; Beck Depression Inventory score, 5 ± 4) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent [C]MADAM PET at Karolinska Institutet.

Deformation-based morphometry applied to FDG PET data reveals hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebral atrophy is a key finding in patients with dementia and usually determined on MRI. We tested whether cerebral atrophy can be imaged with FDG PET by applying deformation-based morphometry (DBM). We retrospectively identified 26 patients with a biomarker-supported clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) who had received FDG PET on a fully-digital PET/CT system and structural MRI and compared them to 13 healthy elderly controls (HEC).

Targeting TGFβ-activated kinase-1 activation in microglia reduces CAR T immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Cancer immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can cause immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). However, the molecular mechanisms leading to ICANS are not well understood. Here we examined the role of microglia using mouse models and cohorts of individuals with ICANS.

Performance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison to conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of bone invasion in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC): a prospective study.

Background: Oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed at late stages and bone erosion or invasion of the jawbone is frequently present. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are known to have high diagnostic sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in detecting these bone affections in patients suffering from OSCC. To date, the existing data regarding the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been weak.

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis presenting as cortisone sensible psychosis with reversible leukoencephalopathy.

Introduction: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a frequently discussed neuropsychiatric syndrome with elevated thyroid antibodies in the context of various clinical neuropsychiatric phenotypes. MRI abnormalities are usually nonspecific and treatment can be complex.

Case Study: We present a case of a woman in her sixties with SREAT whose psychosis kept worsening under cortisone tapering.

An overview of innovations in the external peer review of journal manuscripts.

There are currently numerous innovations in peer review and quality assurance in scholarly publishing. The Research on Research Institute conducted a programme of co-produced projects investigating these innovations. This literature review was part of one such project 'Experiments in peer review' which created an inventory and framework of peer review innovations.

Barrels XXXV: barrels in-person.

Purpose Of The Study: After two years of virtual meetings, the Barrels Meeting resumed to an in-person format on 10 and 11 November 2022 in La Jolla California.

Materials And Methods: The meeting focused on the rodent sensorimotor system, with a focus on integrated information from the cellular to the systems level. A series of invited and selected oral presentations were delivered in addition to a poster session.

Longitudinal DAT changes measured with [F]FE-PE2I PET in patients with Parkinson's disease; a validation study.

Background: Dopamine transporter (DAT) PET provides higher resolution than DAT SPECT and opportunity for integrated imaging with MRI. The radioligand [F]FE-PE2I is highly selective for the DAT, and PET measurements with this radioligand have good reliability and repeatability in patients with non-advanced Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To validate [F]FE-PE2I PET as measurement tool of longitudinal DAT changes in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Nigral glucose metabolism as a diagnostic marker of neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes.

Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration. We used [F]FDG PET to assess glucose metabolism of the substantia nigra (SN) in patients with these diseases and evaluated its ability to discriminate neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes (NP) from controls. We retrospectively evaluated [F]FDG PET scans of 171 patients with NP (n = 115 PD, n = 35 MSA, n = 21 PSP) and 48 controls (13 healthy controls [HC] and 35 control patients).

Quantification of the purinergic P2X receptor with [C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites.

The membrane-based purinergic 7 receptor (P2XR) is expressed on activated microglia and the target of the radioligand [C]SMW139 for assessment of neuroinflammation. This study investigated the contribution of radiolabelled metabolites which potentially affect its quantification. high-performance liquid chromatography with a radio detector (radioHPLC) was used to evaluate the parent and radiometabolite fractions of [C]SMW139 in the brain and plasma of eleven mice.

Unravelling delayed therapy escape after thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor? - Additional clinical and neuroimaging evidence.

Background: Delayed therapy escape after thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor is a serious yet frequent condition. It is often difficult to detect this process at onset due to its gradual evolution.

Objective: Here we aim to identify clinical and neuroimaging hallmarks of delayed therapy escape.

Aphasia and high-tech communication support: a survey of SLPs in USA and India.

Purpose: This survey was conducted to investigate American and Indian clinician's preference and usage of high-tech communication supports (HTCS) for aphasia rehabilitation to identify factors in each country that support the use of HTCS for improving post-aphasia communicative outcomes. In this study, HTCS include speech-generating augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices with varying methods of access.

Method: The survey exploring clinically practicing speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) training, assessment and aphasia rehabilitation practices using HTCS, was electronically distributed in both countries.

Barrels XXXIV meeting report: Barrels goes virtual.

: To summarize the state of research in the whisker-to-barrel sensorimotor system based on presentations at the Barrels meeting.: Host the 34th annual Barrels meeting was hosted virtually due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.: The Barrels meeting annually focuses on the latest advances in the rodent sensorimotor research.

Sensory Experience as a Regulator of Structural Plasticity in the Developing Whisker-to-Barrel System.

Cellular structures provide the physical foundation for the functionality of the nervous system, and their developmental trajectory can be influenced by the characteristics of the external environment that an organism interacts with. Historical and recent works have determined that sensory experiences, particularly during developmental critical periods, are crucial for information processing in the brain, which in turn profoundly influence neuronal and non-neuronal cortical structures that subsequently impact the animals' behavioral and cognitive outputs. In this review, we focus on how altering sensory experience influences normal/healthy development of the central nervous system, particularly focusing on the cerebral cortex using the rodent whisker-to-barrel system as an illustrative model.

Evaluating the perspectives of those with severe physical impairments while learning BCI control of a commercial augmentative and alternative communication paradigm.

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) techniques can provide access to communication for individuals with severe physical impairments. Brain-computer interface (BCI) access techniques may serve alongside existing AAC access methods to provide communication device control. However, there is limited information available about how individual perspectives change with motor-based BCI-AAC learning.

Targeting fibroblast activation protein in newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity - initial experience and comparison to [F]FDG PET/CT and MRI.

Purpose: While [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) is the standard for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), diagnostic specificity is hampered by uptake in inflammatory cells such as neutrophils or macrophages. Recently, molecular imaging probes targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), which is overexpressed in a variety of cancer-associated fibroblasts, have become available and might constitute a feasible alternative to FDG PET/CT.

Methods: Ten consecutive, treatment-naïve patients (8 males, 2 females; mean age, 62 ± 9 years) with biopsy-proven OSCC underwent both whole-body [F]FDG and [Ga]FAPI-04 (FAP-directed) PET/CT for primary staging prior to tumor resection and cervical lymph node dissection.

Clinical Outcome and Striatal Dopaminergic Function After Shunt Surgery in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Objective: To determine changes in clinical features and striatal dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT) density after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods: Participants with probable iNPH were assessed at baseline by means of clinical rating scales, brain MRI, and SPECT with [I]-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT). Levodopa responsiveness was also evaluated.

Accuracy of 18-F Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomographic/Computed Tomographic Imaging in Primary Staging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity.

Importance: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide. Precise initial staging is necessary to determine a diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Objective: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic/computed tomographic (PET/CT) imaging in detecting cervical lymph node metastases.