The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.

Study Design: This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity).

Characterizing Vitamin K Refusal in Term Hospital-Born Infants in Minnesota, 2015-2019.

Background And Objectives: Some Minnesota clinicians perceive that the incidence of prophylactic vitamin K refusal is increasing, yet the actual incidence and which populations are most likely to refuse is unknown. Our objective is to identify the incidence of vitamin K refusal and to characterize the maternal-newborn dyads with increased refusal rates.

Methods: This retrospective multi-institution study analyzed vitamin K refusal in newborns born from 2015 to 2019.

Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes before 24 Weeks of Gestation.

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before or around the limit of fetal viability is associated with serious maternal and neonatal complications including chorioamnionitis, extremely preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Objectives: To describe contemporary outcomes of extremely preterm infants born after prolonged periviable PPROM, and to identify perinatal factors associated with survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Study Design: Among actively treated infants born alive at <27 weeks' gestational age (GA) in centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 2012 to 2018, the outcomes of survival and survival without severe NDI at 22-26 months' corrected age were compared between infants exposed to prolonged (≥120 hours) periviable (<24 weeks' GA) PPROM and unexposed infants born after rupture of membranes ≤18 hours before delivery or at delivery, adjusting for birth GA, sex, multiple gestation, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age (SGA), insurance, and center.

H3K36 methylation regulates cell plasticity and regeneration in the intestinal epithelium.

Plasticity is needed during development and homeostasis to generate diverse cell types from stem and progenitor cells. Following differentiation, plasticity must be restricted in specialized cells to maintain tissue integrity and function. For this reason, specialized cell identity is stable under homeostatic conditions; however, cells in some tissues regain plasticity during injury-induced regeneration.

Transposable element activity captures human pluripotent cell states.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exist in multiple, transcriptionally distinct states and serve as powerful models for studying human development. Despite their significance, the molecular determinants and pathways governing these pluripotent states remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that transposable elements act as sensitive indicators of distinct pluripotent cell states.

Pulsed Vibro-Acoustic Analysis Technique for Monitoring Bone Health in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study.

Despite advances in neonatal care, metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) remains a common problem in preterm infants. The development of non-invasive and affordable diagnostic approaches can be highly beneficial in the diagnosis and management of preterm infants at risk of MBDP. In this study, we present an ultrasound method called pulsed vibro-acoustic analysis to investigate the progression of bone mineralization in infants over time versus weight and postmenstrual age.

Neonatal intestinal colonization of and the multiple modes of protection limiting translocation.

, also known as Group B (GBS), is a predominant pathogen of neonatal sepsis, commonly associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. GBS has also been associated with cases of late-onset sepsis potentially originating from the intestine. Previous findings have shown GBS can colonize the infant intestinal tract as part of the neonatal microbiota.

Assessment of Aminoglycoside-Induced Hearing Loss Risk in the Perinatal Period.

Objective:  This study aimed to determine the prevalence and heteroplasmy level(s) of variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T, which are associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss, in a general perinatal population.

A Flipped Classroom Pilot in Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation.

Background: Pediatric residents frequently manage critically ill neonates but have limited systematic training in mechanical ventilation (MV). Competing demands, varying learner levels, and topic complexity contribute to inconsistent education. A blended learning approach may be ideally suited to achieve meaningful learning but has not been described for this topic and learner.

Social Determinants of Health and Redirection of Care for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Importance: Redirection of care refers to withdrawal, withholding, or limiting escalation of treatment. Whether maternal social determinants of health are associated with redirection of care discussions merits understanding.

Objective: To examine associations between maternal social determinants of health and redirection of care discussions for infants born extremely preterm.

Leveraging dominant-negative histone H3 K-to-M mutations to study chromatin during differentiation and development.

Histone modifications are associated with regulation of gene expression that controls a vast array of biological processes. Often, these associations are drawn by correlating the genomic location of a particular histone modification with gene expression or phenotype; however, establishing a causal relationship between histone marks and biological processes remains challenging. Consequently, there is a strong need for experimental approaches to directly manipulate histone modifications.

Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm.

Study Design: This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers (2006-2017) who survived to discharge. Infants were classified by 3 maternal SDOH: education, insurance, and race.

Copeptin levels in hospitalized infants and children with suspected vasopressin-dependent disorders: a case series.

Objectives: There have been recent advances assessing copeptin levels in adults with suspected disorders of vasopressin release. Very limited data exits on copeptin levels in children and infants, especially in a critically-ill hospitalized population where hyper- and hypo-natremia are very common. Our objective is to describe the institutional experience assessing copeptin levels in hospitalized infants and children with hyper- or hypo-natremia.

Poor Neonatal Adaptation After Antidepressant Exposure During the Third Trimester in a Geographically Defined Cohort.

Objective: To examine the associations between antidepressant exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy, including individual drugs, drug doses, and antidepressant combinations, and the risk of poor neonatal adaptation (PNA).

Patients And Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records-linkage system was used to study infants exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; n=1014), bupropion, (n=118), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (n=80), antidepressant combinations (n=20), or other antidepressants (n=22) during the third trimester (April 11, 2000-December 31, 2013). Poor neonatal adaptation was defined based on a review of medical records.

Mechanical memory stored through epigenetic remodeling reduces cell therapeutic potential.

Understanding how cells remember previous mechanical environments to influence their fate, or mechanical memory, informs the design of biomaterials and therapies in medicine. Current regeneration therapies, such as cartilage regeneration procedures, require 2D cell expansion processes to achieve large cell populations critical for the repair of damaged tissues. However, the limit of mechanical priming for cartilage regeneration procedures before inducing long-term mechanical memory following expansion processes is unknown, and mechanisms defining how physical environments influence the therapeutic potential of cells remain poorly understood.

Vaccination intention and uptake within the Black community in Appalachia.

Objective: Black communities have disproportionately experienced adverse health effects from the COVID-19 pandemic while simultaneously having less vaccination access and decreased vaccine utilization. As such, predictors of vaccination uptake within Black communities are a public health imperative. Black Americans from socio-geographic regions associated with health inequities (e.

Incidence of and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late-Onset Meningitis Among Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Importance: Late-onset meningitis (LOM) has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born extremely preterm.

Objective: To report the incidence of LOM during birth hospitalization and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 26 months' corrected age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study is a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort of children born at 22 to 26 weeks' gestation between 2003 and 2017 with follow-up from 2004 to 2021.

Evaluation and Management of Noncardiac Comorbidities in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.

Outcomes for patients with neonatal heart disease are affected by numerous noncardiac and genetic factors. These can include neonatal concerns, such as prematurity and low birth weight, and congenital anomalies, such as airway, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary anomalies, and genetic syndromes. This section will serve as a summary of these issues and how they may affect the evaluation and management of a neonate with heart disease.

Descriptive Analysis of Current Burn Care for Plain Communities in Ohio and Pennsylvania: A Qualitative Study of Strengths and Needs in a Hospital-Community Partnership.

Plain communities present with a higher risk of sustaining burn injuries. Yet, little is known about the hospital-community partnerships with Plain caretakers to facilitate culturally competent burn care. The current study provides a qualitative analysis of Plain caretakers' perspectives on an existing hospital-community partnership for facilitating culturally sensitive burn care and their perspectives on the ongoing physical, structural, and behavioral health needs of this population.

NUDT21 limits CD19 levels through alternative mRNA polyadenylation in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

B cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treatment has been revolutionized by T cell-based immunotherapies-including chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) and the bispecific T cell engager therapeutic, blinatumomab-targeting surface glycoprotein CD19. Unfortunately, many patients with B-ALL will fail immunotherapy due to 'antigen escape'-the loss or absence of leukemic CD19 targeted by anti-leukemic T cells. In the present study, we utilized a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach to identify modulators of CD19 abundance on human B-ALL blasts.

Sociodemographic factors and family use of remote infant viewing in neonatal intensive care.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the use of remote infant viewing (RIV) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) differed based on maternal sociodemographic factors.

Methods: The number of RIV camera views and view duration were obtained for NICU patients between 10/01/2019 and 3/31/2021 and standardized relative to patient days. Maternal sociodemographic and neonatal characteristics were obtained from institutional databases.

Family Use of Remote Infant Viewing in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Patient Room Type.

Remote infant viewing (RIV) uses a bedside camera to allow families to view a livestream video of their neonate 24/7 from anywhere with internet access. The aim of this study was to evaluate family use of RIV for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether RIV use varied by patient room type. Use of RIV was evaluated for NICU patients between October 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021.