Improved Outcome With Knee Arthroscopy Relative to Physiotherapy for Symptomatic Unstable Meniscal Tears: 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although preservation of meniscal tissue is paramount, there are occasions when repair of a torn meniscus is not possible. The surgical option may be a partial meniscectomy, the objective being to alleviate the patient's symptoms with resection of only that portion of the meniscus that is no longer functioning but is the cause of symptoms. Previous studies have questioned the need to perform such surgery and have recommended nonoperative treatment instead.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and red cell autoimmunity: clinical role and pathogenesis.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) with significant morbidity and mortality despite advancements in treatment. Lymphoma and autoimmune disease both result from breakdowns in normal cell regulatory pathways, and epidemiological studies have confirmed both that B-NHL is more likely to develop in the setting of autoimmune diseases and vice versa. Red cell immunity, as evidenced by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity, has been linked to DLBCL and more recently the pathogenic causes of this association have begun to be better understood using molecular techniques.

Modified iliotibial band tenodesis versus lateral extracapsular tenodesis, to augment anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 2-year randomized controlled trial.

Background: Residual instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is associated with disruption of the anterolateral complex (ALC). Our goal was to conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of modified Iliotibial tenodesis (MITBT) versus lateral extracapsular tenodesis (LET) to correct this residual instability.

Methods: Group 1 underwent MITBT, Group 2 LET, added to the ACL reconstruction.

Histologic Remission (NANCY Index) is Superior to Endoscopic Mucosal Healing in Predicting Relapse Free Survival in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical and Endoscopic Remission.

Background: Histologic activity is recognized as an important predictor of relapse in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Current treatment targets aim at mucosal healing; however, many patients continue to have histologic activity.

Goals: The aim was to assess histologic activity using the validated Nancy histologic index (NHI) score as a predictor of future relapse amongst UC patients in endoscopic and clinical remission.

The association of age with continuous positive airway pressure ventilation acceptance in an outpatient cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: This study examined the association between age and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) acceptance in a consecutive series of patients with obstructive sleep apnea being managed in a physician-led outpatient CPAP acclimatization program in Canberra, Australia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective consecutive case series analysis of registry data collected from patients attending the Canberra Hospital PAP Acclimatization Clinic between 2011 and 2019. Data on patient demographics, diagnostic polysomnography results, CPAP device download parameters during acclimatization, and overall CPAP acceptance at the end of acclimatization were extracted from the Clinic Registry.

Accuracy of standard magnetic resonance imaging sequences for meniscal and chondral lesions versus knee arthroscopy. A prospective case-controlled study of 719 cases.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for diagnosis and as a research tool, but its accuracy is questionable. The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of knee MRI with clinical assessment for diagnosing meniscal tears, and to determine the accuracy of MRI for grading chondral lesions, relative to arthroscopy.

Methods: Physically active patients presenting with mechanical symptoms warranting a knee arthroscopy and satisfying the inclusion criteria, had both a knee arthroscopy and MRI performed.

The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging for metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-institutional study of within-stage heterogeneity and impact on prognostic performance.

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) stratifies risk poorly. We hypothesized that this results from prognostic heterogeneity within N and TNM groups.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of disease-specific survival (DSS) in a multicenter study of 1146 patients with nodal metastases from HNcSCC.

Modified Iliotibial Band Tenodesis Is Indicated to Correct Intraoperative Residual Pivot Shift After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Autologous Hamstring Tendon Graft: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The indications for the addition of anterolateral soft tissue augmentation to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and its effectiveness remain uncertain.

Purpose: To determine if modified iliotibial band tenodesis (MITBT) can improve clinical outcomes and reduce the recurrence of ACL ruptures when added to ACL reconstruction in patients with a residual pivot shift.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

PD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid cancer with and without lymphocytic thyroiditis: a cross sectional study.

The impact of concurrent autoimmune thyroid disease on the tumour microenvironment and disease progression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is not well understood. Studies evaluating the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour expression in PTC have shown variable results, and the effect of lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) on tumour PD-L1 expression has not been adequately assessed. The main aim of this study was to determine expression of PD-L1 in PTC with and without LT.

ANALYSIS OF TIME TO FAILURE AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY.

Purpose: To present the distribution of time to retinal redetachment in eyes undergoing retinal detachment surgery, using a method for adjusting time to outcome in eyes with silicone oil or heavy liquid tamponade ("oil-filled eyes").

Methods: Data from two Australian centers were used. Adjusted time to outcome was measured from the date of tamponade removal in oil-filled eyes, unless failure was diagnosed with tamponade in situ.

A pilot randomised clinical trial of 670 nm red light for reducing retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: Photobiomodulation by 670 nm red light in animal models reduced severity of ROP and improved survival. This pilot randomised controlled trial aimed to provide data on 670 nm red light exposure for prevention of ROP and survival for a larger randomised trial.

Methods: Neonates <30 weeks gestation or <1150 g at birth were randomised to receive 670 nm for 15 min (9 J/cm) daily until 34 weeks corrected age.

Temporal impact of the publication of guidelines and randomised evidence on the adoption of hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer.

Introduction: Clinical data supporting the use of hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy (HF-WBRT) in early-stage breast cancer patients have accumulated over the last decade. Despite the availability of the published evidence, the adoption rate of HF-WBRT has been slower-than-expected. We sought to assess the temporal impact of the publication of the guidelines and randomised evidence on the practice pattern of HF-WBRT and identify clinical predictors of its utilisation.

Recurrence in early breast cancer: Analysis of data from 3,765 Australian women treated between 1997 and 2015.

Background: Evidence suggests recent improvements in outcome in early breast cancer (EBC).

Aim: To analyse recurrence in women with EBC from our region from 1997 to 2015.

Methods: We analysed recurrence in 3,765 women with EBC.

Ankle Lateral Ligament Augmentation Versus the Modified Broström-Gould Procedure: A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: "Ankle sprain" is a common injury, and >20% of patients may develop chronic instability for which surgery is indicated. The modified Broström-Gould (MBG) procedure remains the gold standard; however, there are a number of relative contraindications to this procedure, and the longer-term outcomes after the MBG have been questioned. An alternative procedure is augmentation of a primary repair with a ligament augmentation reconstruction system (LARS).

The Augmentation of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Modified Iliotibial Band Tenodesis to Correct the Pivot Shift: A Computer Navigation Study.

Background: Iliotibial band (ITB) tenodesis improves stability and functional outcomes when added to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Its precise indications are unknown. Persistence of the pivot shift after revision ACL reconstruction may be one indication.

Tongue-tie in the newborn: Follow-up in the first 6 months.

Background: Over the last decade, a number of studies have demonstrated that early division of tongue-tie (TT) is associated with significant feeding benefits to both mother and baby. Notwithstanding, it remains a controversial procedure. We examined the breastfeeding outcomes of a cohort of babies at 1-2 weeks (follow-up 1) and 3-5 months (follow-up 2), post-TT division.

Smoking in the family is most predictive of the development of childhood asthma in preterm babies <30 weeks gestation: Results of the Respiratory Outcomes Study 2 (RESPOS2).

Objectives: The Respiratory Outcomes Study 2 (RESPOS2) investigated the relationship between neonatal outcomes (specifically, chronic lung disease [CLD]) and environmental factors on the development of asthma and atopic outcomes at primary school age for preterm babies (PBs) <30 weeks gestational age (GA).

Methods: The study included all surviving PBs <30 weeks GA admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory between 2007 and 2009. Parents were sent a questionnaire regarding asthma and atopy symptoms when the PBs were aged 5-7 years old.

Increased use of heated humidified high flow nasal cannula is associated with longer oxygen requirements.

Aim: There has been an increased use of heated humidified high flow nasal canula (HFNC) in premature babies (PBs) admitted to our neonatal unit. The aim of this study is to identify clinical characteristics in PBs < 29 weeks gestational age (GA) that distinguish between those who did not or did receive HFNC.

Methods: This study compared prospectively collected data from 2010 to 2012.

Impact of Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease on One Year Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background/aim: Patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with CKD. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of mild-to-moderate CKD on PCI outcomes, and determining if DES reduce adverse events amongst these patients.

Femoral Aperture Fixation Improves Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Function When Added to Cortical Suspensory Fixation: An In Vivo Computer Navigation Study.

Background: Recommendations for bone tunnel placement during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have become more precise. However, these recommendations differ neither with the choice of graft nor with the method of fixation used. The influence of the method of femoral fixation used on the biomechanical function of a soft tissue ACL graft remains unknown.

Paediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: A single-centre retrospective cohort.

Aim: We aimed to describe the clinical epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) at a large, tertiary/quaternary children's hospital in Australia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of SAB cases at the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW) over 5 years; 2006-2011. We compared frequency, clinical profile and outcomes of SAB with published data from CHW; 1994-1998.

IHC4 score plus clinical treatment score predicts locoregional recurrence in early breast cancer.

Purpose: Immunohistochemical 4 (IHC4) score plus Clinical Treatment Score (CTS) is an inexpensive tool predicting risk of distant recurrence in women with early breast cancer (EBC). IHC4 score is based on ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 index. This study explores the role of the combined score (IHC4 + CTS) in predicting risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) in women with EBC who had breast conservation surgery (BCS) without adjuvant radiotherapy (study group).

Significance of mast cell distribution in placental tissue and membranes in spontaneous preterm birth.

Background: Preterm birth is a common cause of adverse neonatal and childhood outcomes, in both the short and long term. Preterm labor is commonly associated with inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. There is some indirect evidence that mast cells (MCs) might represent a link between hormonal influences and local reactions leading to the onset of labor.

Symptom-to-Balloon Time is a Strong Predictor of Adverse Events Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From the Australian Capital Territory PCI Registry.

Background: Notwithstanding improvements in door-to-balloon time, adverse event rates after primary PCI have remained steady. We analysed the effect of symptom-to-balloon (STB) time, a reflection of total ischaemic time, on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and explored predictors of prolonged STB time.

Methods: The study population included 1002 consecutive patients (22.