Diverse and high prevalence of human papillomavirus associated with a significant high rate of cervical dysplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type and correlate it with the Papanicolaou smears in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Study Design: In a cohort of 148 women, HPV DNA testing was performed with the Roche HPV genotyping test (Branchburg, New Jersey, U.S.

Cervical and oral human papillomavirus types in HIV-1 positive and negative women with cervical disease in South Africa.

This study tested cervical and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) women to determine any association between infections at both sites and the difference in prevalence of the HPV types infecting these women. Participants were 115 women referred to a colposcopy clinic after diagnosis of abnormal cervical cytology. The women showed low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or high grade disease (CIN2/3) or no CIN based on colposcopy and histology.

Papanicolaou smears induce partial immunity against sexually transmitted viral infections.

Background: In a case-control study of hormonal contraceptives and invasive cervical cancer, an unexpected finding was a substantial decline in the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection according to the lifetime number of Pap smears received. Here we assess the risk of 3 sexually transmitted viral infections -- herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2), HPV, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2 -- in relation to the lifetime receipt of Pap smears.

Methods: Stored sera taken from 1540 controls were tested for HSV2 and HIV; cervical scrapings were tested for HPV.

Agreement between self- and clinician-collected specimen results for detection and typing of high-risk human papillomavirus in specimens from women in Gugulethu, South Africa.

We assessed the agreement in detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), as well as specific HPV types, between self- and clinician-obtained specimens for 450 women over 18 years of age attending a community health center in Gugulethu, South Africa. Both self-collected swabs and tampons had high agreement with clinician-obtained brushes when the Roche Reverse Line Blot Assay (RLBA) was used (for swabs, 86% concordance, with a kappa statistic [kappa] of 0.71; for tampons, 89% concordance, with kappa of 0.

The agreement between cervical abnormalities identified by cytology and detection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus.

Objectives And Design: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally associated with cervical cancer. Using the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk HPV test (HC2), we investigated the prevalence of high-risk HPV in cervical specimens, and compared results with those of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears taken concurrently.

Subjects And Setting: Cervical specimens were obtained from women attending hospitals / community health centres in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

HIV and pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix in South Africa: a case-control study.

Background: Cervical cancer and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both major public health problems in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of cervical pre-cancer and cancer among HIV positive women in South Africa.

Methods: Data were derived from a case-control study that examined the association between hormonal contraceptives and invasive cervical cancer.

Hypothesis: the act of taking a Papanicolaou smear reduces the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection: a potential impact on the risk of cervical cancer.

Background: Based on data collected in a case-control study of hormonal contraceptive use and invasive cervical cancer among South African colored and black women, we have reported a five-fold reduction in incidence among women who in their lifetimes had previously received as few as two Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Given the conditions prevailing in the community under study, a reduction in risk of this magnitude was surprising. We hypothesized that the act of performing a Pap smear may trigger an immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and thus reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Risk of invasive cancer of the cervix in relation to the use of injectable progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives (South Africa).

Background: Cervical cancer is caused by specific types of the human papilloma virus (HPV), but not all infected women develop cancer. It has been hypothesized that hormonal contraceptives may potentiate the oncogenicity of HPV infection.

Methods: In a case-control study of colored and black women in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, 524 incident cases of clinically evident invasive cervical cancer (stages 1b-1V) were compared with 1541 controls, and with a subgroup of 254 HPV-positive controls.