Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis after whole blood donation: report of three cases from a single blood center.

Background: There are two upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) cases after whole blood donation reported in the English medical literature. Three additional UEDVT cases after whole blood donation were reported to our blood center within a 13-month period.

Study Design And Methods: A case study was done for each case in collaboration with a clinical physician.

Effects of water fluoridation on caries experience in the primary dentition in a high caries risk community in Queensland, Australia.

Objectives: In December 2008, artificial water fluoridation was introduced for the first time to the Logan-Beaudesert district in the state of Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water fluoridation in the primary dentition in this community after a period of 36 months.

Methods: Children aged 4-9 years with clinical examinations and bitewing radiographs (BWs) taken before water fluoridation (pre-F) were randomly selected as comparison controls for age matched children who had been exposed to a mean period of 36 months of water fluoridation (post-F).

Management of young blood donors.

The emphasis on high-school blood drives and acceptance of 16-year-old blood donors led to more research on physiologic and psychological ways to decrease vasovagal reaction rates in young blood donors and to increase donor retention. Research on how to accomplish this has been advantageous for the blood collection industry and blood donors. This review discussed the current situation and what can be done psychologically, physiologically, and via process improvements to decrease vasovagal reaction rates and increase donor retention.

Association of erosion with timing of detection and selected risk factors in primary dentition: a longitudinal study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of erosion in a birth cohort at 24, 36, and 48 months and to investigate risk factors for erosion.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four children from a birth cohort were followed at 24, 36, and 48 months of age.

Results: Of the 154 children examined, 0% (0/154), 7% (11/154), and 28% (40/154) had erosion detected for the first time at 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively (P < 0.

Arm complications after manual whole blood donation and their impact.

Arm complications after whole blood donation occur in approximately 30% of donations. The 2 most common arm complications are contusion/hematoma (23%) and arm pain (10%). A variety of arm complications were evaluated from a national donor complication database, clinical studies, and review of the literature.

Comparison of enamel defects in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride District in Australia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride district.

Methods: A total of 517 healthy schoolchildren were examined using the modified DDE criteria.

Results: The prevalence of DDE in the primary and permanent dentition was 25% and 58%, respectively (P<.

Increased all-cause and cancer mortality in HTLV-II infection.

Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and HTLV-II cause chronic human retroviral infections, but few studies have examined the impact of either virus on survival among otherwise healthy individuals. The authors analyzed all-cause and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of 155 HTLV-I, 387 HTLV-II, and 799 seronegative subjects.

Methods: Vital status was ascertained using death certificates, the US Social Security Death Index or family report, and causes of death were grouped into 9 categories.

Long-term increases in lymphocytes and platelets in human T-lymphotropic virus type II infection.

Human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) cause chronic infections of T lymphocytes that may lead to leukemia and myelopathy. However, their long-term effects on blood counts and hematopoiesis are poorly understood. We followed 151 HTLV-I-seropositive, 387 HTLV-II-seropositive, and 799 HTLV-seronegative former blood donors from 5 U.

The American Red Cross donor hemovigilance program: complications of blood donation reported in 2006.

Background: The American Red Cross (ARC) initiated a comprehensive donor hemovigilance program in 2003. We provide an overview of reported complications after whole blood (WB), apheresis platelet (PLT), or automated red cell (R2) donation and analyze factors contributing to the variability in reported complication rates in our national program.

Study Design And Methods: Complications recorded at the collection site or reported after allogeneic WB, apheresis PLT, and R2 donation procedures in 36 regional blood centers in 2006 were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Common dental conditions associated with dental erosion in schoolchildren in Australia.

Purpose: The purpose of the investigation was to determine factors associated with dental erosion in a group of schoolchildren in Queensland, Australia.

Methods: Dental examinations were carried out on 714 children aged 5.5 to 14.

The effect of a 473-mL (16-oz) water drink on vasovagal donor reaction rates in high-school students.

Background: Recent clinical studies found that a water drink prevented orthostatic hypotension in healthy subjects subjected to a tilt-table test. A water drink was tested as a method to decrease vasovagal donor reactions in high-school students.

Study Design And Methods: A total of 8894 high-school donations in Fall 2004 and 2005 were assigned to groups receiving or not receiving a 473-mL water drink after acceptance for whole-blood donation.

Outcomes of 122 diverse adult and pediatric cord blood transplant recipients from a large cord blood bank.

Background: Umbilical cord blood is a useful stem cell source for some patients. The American Red Cross Cord Blood Program was established as a national network of cord blood banks. Nine thousand cord blood units were cryopreserved for transplant use.

Long-term variations in human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and HTLV-II proviral loads and association with clinical data.

Background: The human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I or -II proviral load (VL) may be linked to viral pathogenesis, but prospective data on VL and disease outcomes are lacking.

Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort study of HTLV disease outcomes, we examined baseline VLs with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 122 HTLV-I- and 319 HTLV-II-infected subjects and serial VLs over the course of 6 visits in a subset of 30 HTLV-I- and 30 HTLV-II-infected subjects. Cox and logistic-regression models were used to test baseline associations, and repeated-measures analysis was used to study variations in VL over time.

Prevalence of selected viral infections among blood donors deferred for potential risk to blood safety.

Background: Health history questions identify blood donors believed to pose a higher risk of transmission of infectious diseases. This study assesses the current impact of some of these questions on blood safety as reflected by infectious disease markers.

Study Design And Methods: Donors who were deferred from donating blood due to health history question(s) were recruited at four different regions of the American Red Cross Blood Services.

The effect of whole-blood donor adverse events on blood donor return rates.

Background: Some blood donation-related adverse events (AEs) can negatively impact the blood donor return rate (BDRR) and decrease donor retention.

Study Design And Methods: One-thousand randomly selected whole-blood donors were interviewed 3 weeks after a 525-mL index whole-blood donation for seven AEs. The number of return visits and duration of follow-up were recorded for each of the 1000 donors.

A prospective study of sexual transmission of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and HTLV-II.

Background: Cross-sectional studies support sexual transmission of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II; however, prospective incidence data, particularly for HTLV-II, are limited.

Methods: A cohort of 85 HTLV-positive (30 with HTLV-I and 55 with HTLV-II) blood donors and their stable (>or=6 months) heterosexual sex partners were followed biannually over the course of a 10-year period.

Results: Four of 85 initially seronegative sex partners of HTLV-I and -II carriers seroconverted, for an incidence rate (IR) of 0.

Blood donor complications after whole-blood donation.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the common and uncommon adverse events that occur during or after whole-blood donation. The incidence of seeking outside medical care for an adverse event is at least 1 in 3400 blood donations. Physicians may encounter blood donors with adverse events and should be familiar with their prognosis and treatment.

Whole-blood donation: blood donor suitability and adverse events.

Approximately 3% to 3.5% of the US population donates whole blood each year. Physicians might be approached by a blood donor because of a donor suitability issue, a positive postdonation test, or a donation-related complication.