Publications by authors named "Bruce L Wilkoff"

Introduction: While several studies have reported on the reliability of cardiac pacing leads, there are limited comparative data on lead performance. We compared long-term performance of Abbott Tendril™ STS 2088TC (Tendril 2088) leads with competitive manufacturer (CM) pacing leads using novel real-world data analytic methods.

Methods: Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims and Abbott device registration databases were linked to identify patients implanted with single-chamber or dual-chamber pacemakers with the Abbott Tendril 2088 lead from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 and were followed through December 31, 2021.

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  • A study assessed whether the heart rate score (HRSc) after pacemaker (PM) implantation can predict new atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) in patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND).
  • Researchers evaluated 130 patients over nearly 49 months, finding that a higher HRSc (≥80%) was linked to an increased risk of AHREs compared to lower scores.
  • The results suggest that HRSc ≥80% may serve as a useful predictor of AHREs, potentially influencing treatment decisions for patients with SND.
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Background: Traditional post-approval study (PAS) designs have been accepted by regulatory authorities to fulfill postmarketing requirements for cardiac leads, but they have several limitations.

Objective: We conducted a proof-of-concept study of alternative methods that use real-world data (RWD) to evaluate lead safety in large populations of patients.

Methods: Abbott patient device databases were linked with Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) claims to identify lead complications in patients implanted with Abbott Optisure lead.

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  • Orthotopic transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) devices are effective in treating tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and have gained attention after the first device received commercial approval.
  • Studies show that about 35% of patients undergoing TTVR have preexisting cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) leads, which may become entrapped during the procedure, raising concerns about safety.
  • A consensus document outlines the patient demographics concerning CIED lead-related TR, evaluates the risks of lead entrapment versus transvenous lead extraction, and suggests that a specialized electrophysiologist be included in the treatment team for better decision-making.
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Introduction: Reports of comparison with procedural outcomes for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker (PM) transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are old and limited. We sought to compare the safety, efficacy, and procedural properties of ICD and PM TLE and assess the impact of lead age.

Methods: The study cohort included all consecutive patients with ICD and PM TLE in the Cleveland Clinic Prospective TLE Registry between 2013 and 2022.

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Background: Past clinical trials have shown the benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for reducing sudden cardiac death in at-risk patients. However, heart failure management and ICD technology have changed since these trials were first published. An updated assessment of ICD mortality benefit is needed.

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  • This document is the first in the ASNC I series focusing on the role of radionuclide imaging for diagnosing cardiovascular infections, notably infective endocarditis, using a detailed consensus-based approach.
  • It highlights the rising incidence of cardiovascular infections, which present high risks and complications, and discusses the limitations of current diagnostic methods like echocardiography.
  • Advanced imaging techniques such as FDG PET/CT and SPECT/CT can improve diagnostic accuracy by revealing infection in cardiac devices and surrounding areas, emphasizing the need for better imaging strategies in complex cases.
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  • * A thorough consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method to outline clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and a structured algorithm for diagnosis due to the rising incidence and high risks associated with these infections.
  • * Advanced imaging techniques, such as F-FDG PET/CT, can improve the evaluation and management of cardiovascular infections, particularly in complicated cases involving prosthetic valves and cardiac devices, while also highlighting the need for further research to optimize these applications.
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This document on cardiovascular infection, including infective endocarditis, is the first in the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Indications (ASNC I) series to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in the multimodality context for the evaluation of complex systemic diseases with multi-societal involvement including pertinent disciplines. A rigorous modified Delphi approach was used to determine consensus clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis of cardiovascular infection including infective endocarditis. Cardiovascular infection incidence is increasing and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

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Article Synopsis
  • This document is the first in a series by the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology focusing on the use of radionuclide imaging for diagnosing cardiovascular infections, particularly infective endocarditis, in a comprehensive healthcare context.
  • A modified Delphi method was used to establish clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and a structured approach for diagnosing these infections, which are increasingly common and associated with significant health risks.
  • Advanced imaging techniques, such as 18F-FDG PET/CT and SPECT/CT leukocyte scintigraphy, can significantly boost diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment decisions, especially for patients with complex cardiovascular issues or unclear initial imaging results.
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Aims: Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads is considered challenging. The structure of each ICD leads is variable between manufacturer and model families. The net impact of lead family on the safety and effectiveness of TLE is poorly characterized.

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  • Complete hardware removal is recommended for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections, but how often this is practiced and the results are unclear.
  • A study analyzed Medicare patients with CIED infections from 2006 to 2019, focusing on implantation and lead extraction outcomes.
  • Among 1,065,549 patients, only 1.1% developed infections, with a 1-year survival rate of 68.3%, highlighting that most did not undergo recommended lead extraction soon after diagnosis.
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  • The study investigates the effectiveness of adaptive cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) compared to conventional CRT in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block, aiming to see if adaptive CRT provides better outcomes.
  • Conducted across 227 hospitals in 27 countries, the trial involved 3,797 patients who were randomized into two treatment groups, focusing on primary outcomes related to all-cause death and heart failure interventions.
  • The trial was halted early due to crossing the futility boundary, indicating that adaptive CRT did not demonstrate a significant benefit compared to conventional CRT after analyzing the data.
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  • - In a modern context with low sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk and advancements in heart failure treatment, identifying patients who would benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for primary prevention remains difficult.
  • - SCD prevalence is lower in Asia (35-45 per 100,000 person-years) compared to the United States/Europe (55-100 per 100,000 person-years), yet ICD utilization in eligible patients is much lower in Asia (~12%) than in the West (~45%).
  • - The review emphasizes the need for an individualized and region-specific approach to improve ICD utilization and patient selection, particularly in resource-limited Asian countries where these devices are severely underused.
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Background: Reports of coronary sinus (CS) lead removal include small studies with short implant durations. Procedural outcomes for mature CS leads removed with long duration implantation are unavailable.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, efficacy, and clinical predictors of incomplete CS lead removal by transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in a large long implant duration cardiac resynchronization therapy patient cohort.

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Background: With the advent of conduction system pacing, use of the Medtronic SelectSecure Model 3830 lead has increased substantially. However, with this increased use, the potential need for lead extraction also will increase. Lumenless lead construction requires an understanding of both applicable tensile forces as well as lead preparation techniques that can influence consistent extraction.

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Introduction: A current limitation of single chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is the lack of an atrial lead to reliably detect atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. A novel ventricular based atrial fibrillation (VBAF) detection algorithm was created for single chamber ICDs to assess R-R variability for detection of AF.

Methods: Patients implanted with Visia AF™ ICDs were prospectively enrolled in the Medtronic Product Surveillance Registry from December 15, 2015 to January 23, 2019 and followed with at least 30 days of monitoring with the algorithm.

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