Publications by authors named "Bruce J Holub"

Abundant data are now available to evaluate relationships between seafood consumption in pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development. We conducted two systematic reviews utilizing methodologies detailed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee 2020-2025. After reviewing 44 publications on 106,237 mother-offspring pairs and 25,960 children, our technical expert committee developed two conclusion statements that included the following: "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of a wide range of amounts and types of commercially available seafood during pregnancy is associated with improved neurocognitive development of offspring as compared to eating no seafood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The relationship between seafood eaten during pregnancy and neurocognition in offspring has been the subject of considerable scientific study for over 25 years. Evaluation of this question led two scientific advisory committees to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations with the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Health Canada, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the U.S.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority monitors fish contaminants in Anishinaabe (Great Lake Native American) tribal fisheries. This article updates previously reported trends in two persistent bioaccumulative toxic (PBT) substances that are the primary contributors to consumption advisory limits for these fish: methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Also, we report, for the first time, an analysis of nutritional benefit bioindicators and metrics in these same Upper Great Lakes fish harvests: selenium (Se) and omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA-3s).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To date, few studies have evaluated the intake of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in young North American children and current estimates are based on indirect approaches which have concerning limitations. Furthermore, there is a lack of available knowledge regarding the proportion of children meeting current dietary recommendations for the consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFA as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The objective of the present study was to directly quantify the intake of n-3 PUFA in toddlers aged 2 to 3 years and determine if intakes met international recommendations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Prophylactic supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). The effect of PUFAs given after cardiac injury has occurred is unknown.

Objective: To investigate using a model of pacing-induced cardiac injury, the time course of development of injury and whether it was altered by postinjury PUFAs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aim: To investigate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA plus fish gelatin (+FG) supplementation.

Methods: A transcriptome comparison of 8-week supplementation with n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA+FG was carried out in PBMCs of 16 obese insulin-resistant subjects.

Results: Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA concentration increased and plasma triglycerides decreased significantly without altering inflammatory parameters after both supplementations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood. In a previous article, we showed significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and several markers of inflammation with increasing intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from walnuts and flax.

Objective: To examine effects of ALA on cardiovascular responses to acute stress, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and blood concentrations of endothelin-1 and arginine-vasopressin (AVP).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The present study assessed the effect of oral supplementation with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) on the levels of serum and tissue lipid classes and their fatty acid compositions including individual phospholipid types in rat liver, heart, and kidney. Sprague-Dawley rats received daily oral gavage over 10 days as corn oil without (controls) or with purified DPA in free fatty acid form (21.2 mg/day).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a significant promise for gene expression analyses as a substitute for tissues that are not easily accessible. The objective of this study was to validate the use of PBMCs for gene expression analysis as a marker of nutritional intervention as an alternative to skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) biopsies. We performed a transcriptome comparison of PBMCs versus SMT after an 8-week supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in 16 obese and insulin-resistant subjects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: We previously showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use a genome-wide approach to identify gene expression profiles involved in a new model of AF vulnerability and to determine whether they were altered by PUFA therapy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: This research was conducted to explore the relationships between the levels of omega-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipid and key fatty acid ratios including potential cut-offs for risk factor assessment with respect to coronary heart disease and fatal ischemic heart disease.

Methods: Blood samples (n = 2053) were obtained from free-living subjects in North America and processed for determining the levels of total fatty acids in serum phospholipid as omega-3 fatty acids including EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5 n-3) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6 n-3) by combined thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. The omega-3 levels were correlated with selected omega-6: omega-3 ratios including AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6): EPA and AA:(EPA+DHA).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids

November 2009

Article Synopsis
  • Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA from fish oils or algal sources, are supported by studies for their cardiovascular benefits, like lowering triglyceride levels and improving HDL-cholesterol.
  • Research indicates that these omega-3s contribute to reduced risk of coronary atherosclerosis and sudden cardiac death due to higher DHA levels in the blood.
  • While international health organizations recommend DHA and EPA for cardiovascular health, specific optimal intake levels for individuals are often not provided.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have been associated with beneficial effects in mental health. Cultural and social changes have been related to a decline in mental health of the Inuit, but the role of diet has received scant attention. We examined the relationship between psychological distress (PD) and plasma n-3 among 368 Nunavik Inuit aged 18-74 years who took part in a survey in 1992.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Chronic consumption of fish oil rich in (n-3) PUFA reduces triacylglycerols (TG) but may increase oxidative stress, while soy isoflavones might help lower oxidative stress levels.
  • The study aimed to investigate how acute supplementation with fish oil and soy isoflavones during a high-fat, high-fructose meal affects CVD risk factors, particularly serum TG and oxidative stress.
  • The results showed that while fish oil and isoflavones were absorbed into the bloodstream, they did not significantly alter post-meal increases in serum TG or oxidative stress biomarkers, indicating no immediate protective effect against CVD risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To examine the relationship between psychological distress (PD) and plasma n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, i.e. EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) and DHA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Estimates of essential fatty acid intakes, including (n-3) PUFA, are available in pediatric populations based on limited indirect approaches. Furthermore, recommended intakes for short- and long-chain (LC) (n-3) PUFA have emerged for this population. This study provides direct quantification of fatty acid intakes in children aged 4-8 y.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and a study found that cod protein (CP) can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant individuals.
  • In a study with nineteen overweight or obese men and women, participants alternated between a CP diet and a diet featuring various other animal proteins (beef, pork, veal, eggs, milk) to evaluate their effects on inflammatory markers and cholesterol levels.
  • The results indicated that the CP diet significantly reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an inflammation marker, while the alternative diet slightly increased it, suggesting that CP may have anti-inflammatory benefits related to insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial evaluated the role of prednisone and omega 3 fatty acids (O3FA) in patients with IgA nephropathy. Entry criteria were (1) biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, (2) estimated GFR > or = 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and (3) moderate to severe proteinuria.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Anthocyanins are reported to have many "health promoting" properties; however, despite numerous reports of their bioactivities, their absorption and metabolism in humans are poorly understood. The objective of this research was to detail the pharmacokinetic parameters of anthocyanins after the administration of a 721-mg oral dose of cyanidin 3-glycosides from chokeberry extract to human subjects. Solid-phase extraction, preparative-HPLC, preparative-TLC, HPLC-diode array detection, HPLC-MS, and NMR were utilized to isolate, identity, and quantify anthocyanins in 0- to 7-h (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 h) serum and 0- to 24-h urine samples (total individual urine voids over 24 h).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

During pregnancy, (n-3) PUFA are incorporated into fetal brain and retinal lipids. Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], in particular, is required physiologically for optimal development and function of the central nervous system. Maternal intake of (n-3) PUFA must be sufficient to maintain maternal tissues stores and meet fetal accruement.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Seafood consumption during pregnancy carries both benefits (high n-3 FA intake) and risks (exposure to environmental contaminants) for the developing fetus. We determined the impacts of marine n-3 FA and environmental contaminants on gestational age (GA) of Nunavik women and the anthropometric characteristics of their newborns. FA and contaminant (polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury) concentrations were measured in cord plasma of Nunavik newborns (n = 454) and compared with those of a group of newborns (n = 29) from southern Québec.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Fish and fish oils contain the omega-3 fatty acids known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relation between the dietary consumption of fish containing EPA/DHA and mortality from coronary heart disease. These relationships have been substantiated from blood measures of omega-3 fatty acids including DHA as a physiological biomarker for omega-3 fatty acid status.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Fish and fish oils contain the omega-3 fatty acids known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relation between the dietary consumption of fish containing EPA/DHA and mortality from coronary heart disease. These relationships have been substantiated from blood measures of omega-3 fatty acids including DHA as a physiological biomarker for omega-3 fatty acid status.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In the present study we investigated the metabolic conversion of cyanidin glycosides in human subjects using solid-phase extraction,HPLC-diode array detector, MS, GC, and enzymic techniques. Volunteers consumed approximately 20 g chokeberry extract containing 1.3 g cyanidin 3-glycosides (899 mg cyanidin 3-galactoside, 321 mg cyanidin 3-arabinoside, 51 mg cyanidin 3-xyloside and 50 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_session6dgjsdso4snfm5k8tb45oqvpauflssdd): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once