Elevational distribution and conservation biogeography of phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Bolivia.

Insect macroecology and conservation biogeography studies are disproportionately scarce, especially in the Neotropics. Dung beetles are an ideal focal taxon for biodiversity research and conservation. Using distribution and body size data on the ecologically important Phanaeini, the best-known Neotropical dung beetle tribe, we determined elevational patterns of species richness, endemism, body size, and elevational range in Bolivia, specifically testing Bergmann's and Rapoport's rule.

Transplantation of entire bones with their joint surface: A. Bruce Gill MD (1876-1965). The 6th president of the AAOS 1937.

Arthur Bruce Gill was born in Western Pennsylvania and obtained his undergraduate degree at Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio [1]. He then obtained his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1905, interned there, and remained on the staff for 47 years. He became the third chairman of that department in 1920.

Trapping Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants.

The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified.

Deficient activation and resistance to activation-induced apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is associated with defective peripheral tolerance in nonobese diabetic mice.

Activation-induced cell death (AICD) is a mechanism of homeostasis that limits the clonal expansion of autoreactive T cells and regulates central and peripheral tolerance. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, defects in central and peripheral tolerance are associated with a proliferative hyporesponsiveness of thymocytes and peripheral T cells elicited upon TCR activation. We investigated whether these defects in tolerance induction and hyporesponsiveness of NOD T cells manifest in an altered susceptibility to TCR-induced AICD.