Publications by authors named "Bruce E Wampold"

Psychotherapy is a highly collaborative and individualized mental health practice developed in (post-) modern societies. The mental health outcomes of psychotherapy cover a broad range of psychological factors including the reduction of suffering/symptoms as well as the promotion of well-being, personal values, and personal strengths. There is extensive meta-analytic evidence that legitimate psychotherapy works remarkably well and robustly for most common mental disorders.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Overview: This article contributes to knowledge and practice of core processes that are shared by evidence-based alcohol or other drug (AOD) therapies. It is the fourth in a series with this aim, and here we discuss perhaps the most universally acknowledged ingredient of effective therapy - the therapeutic relationship. We consider various related terms and definitions in the literature, but in the present review, we offer a definition that underscores the context of behavior change.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The aim of this naturalistic process study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, fear of compassion from others, and depressive symptoms over the course of psychotherapy in patients with chronic depression.

Method: A sample of 226 patients with chronic depression who received inpatient short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) provided weekly self-report measures of self-compassion, fear of compassion, and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Trivariate latent curve modeling with structured residuals was applied to investigate the between- and within-patient relationships among the variables.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Boswell et al. (2022) persuasively make the case for and propose professional practice guidelines (PPG) for measurement-based care (MBC). Although the evidence for MBC is robust, implementing MBC effectively in practice requires skills and processes not discussed in the PPG.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement a range of public health measures that disrupted the personal and professional lives of many, including an abrupt adoption of telemental health services. Using data from a nonprofit counseling practice, we tested whether telemental health services delivered during the pandemic were inferior to face-to-face services delivered prior to the pandemic. We first characterized patients seeking therapy services before and during the pandemic to ascertain whether the demographics and presenting concerns of patients pre- and during COVID-19 differed and found that pandemic patients reported greater anxiety, greater overall distress, were more likely female and not partnered, and earned less than before the pandemic.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The concept of alliance reflects the collaborative relationship between a clinician and a patient, defined as consisting of three elements: a) the agreement on the goals of treatment; b) the agreement on a task or series of tasks; c) the development of a bond. Although much of the theory and research on the alliance comes from the domain of psychotherapy, the concept is applicable to any practice involving a person seeking help and a socially sanctioned healer. An extensive research evidence suggests that the alliance (typically measured at the third or fourth session) is a robust predictor of the outcomes of various forms of psychotherapy, even when prior symptom improvement and other factors are considered.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Patients with chronic depression (CD) typically have an early symptom onset, more psychiatric comorbidities, more treatment attempts, and more frequent and longer inpatient hospitalizations than patients with major depressive disorders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intensive inpatient psychotherapy program for patients with chronic depression (CD). The primary research question was whether two intensive psychodynamic inpatient treatments, affect phobia therapy (APT) and VITA, were superior to an outpatient wait list condition, receiving treatment as usual (TAU), at completion of treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Psychotherapy as it is implemented today, can be seen as the composition of unconnected groups of practitioners and scientists pursuing different theories. The idea of finding a common "umbrella" for all evidence-based treatments in the field of psychotherapy is gaining more interest. Based on this background, experts in clinical psychology from various backgrounds led a fundamental discussion about modern psychotherapy and its basic mechanisms.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Meta-analyses have established the alliance as the most robust predictor of outcome in psychotherapy. A growing number of studies have evaluated potential threats to the conclusion that alliance is a factor in psychotherapy. One potential threat that has not been systematically examined is the possibility that the alliance-outcome association is driven by low alliance outliers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The aim of this naturalistic process study was to investigate the relationship between emotional clarity and tolerance of emotional distress and depressive symptoms over the course of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients.

Method: Weekly self-reports of emotional clarity, tolerance of emotional distress, and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) were provided by 252 patients with chronic depression who were admitted to a 13-week inpatient treatment program. Latent curve modeling with structured residuals (LCM-SR) was applied to investigate the between- and within-person effects of week-to-week change in emotional clarity and tolerance of emotional distress as predictors of subsequent depression.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: This meta-analysis examined the relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapy conditions in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from posttreatment to follow-up in adults.

Methods: Omnibus tests of relative efficacy across bona fide psychotherapies for primary and secondary outcomes were conducted. Longitudinal multilevel subgroup analyses investigated, (a) applied relaxation versus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) without applied relaxation and (b) well-established CBT versus augmented integrative CBT.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

When a patient presents to a health provider, the course of the disorder is composed of three effects: natural effects, specific effects, and contextual effects. Part of the contextual effect is due to the relationship between the healer and the patient. Social healing appears to be present in eusocial species and particularly well-developed in humans.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The present study tested the efficacy of an unguided internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT) program for depression, and identified the psychological characteristics of participants who benefitted the most from the program.

Method: Undergraduate students with mild to severe symptoms of depression were randomized to the iACT group (n = 95) or the waiting-list group (WLC group; n = 87). Depressive symptoms and positive mental health were assessed at baseline (T ), at the end of the 6-week program (T ), and at a 3-month follow-up (T ).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Patients seeking psychotherapy may progress through treatment in varying ways. Modeling multiple treatment trajectories through growth mixture modeling provides a comprehensive way of understanding a patient population. Multiple trajectories may additionally help researchers describe complexities within a patient population, such as those with severe and persistent disorders and comorbid symptoms, to understand characteristics of patients that may be struggling during treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: This work builds on a small body of literature that explores core processes in psychotherapy, behavior change, and evidence-based alcohol or other drug (AOD) therapies. Here, this paper discusses two separate but dependent processes. The research team defines goal setting and goal monitoring as collaborative processes where clinicians and clients identify and formulate therapeutic goals; actionable objectives; and revisit, measure, and renegotiate these plans via a standardized procedure over time.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Depression is typically seen as composed of several factors (i.e., cognitive, affective, somatic) which may be targeted by different interventions (i.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Prior research has established that common therapeutic relationship factors are potent predictors of change in psychotherapy, but such factors are typically studied one at a time and their underlying structure when studied simultaneously is not clear. We assembled empirically validated relationship factors (e.g.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The relationship between the therapeutic alliance and outcome has been supported consistently over time. More recently, studies have examined therapist effects in the alliance-outcome relationship and came up with somewhat mixed findings. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous meta-analytic work using a much larger data set, permitting not only the verification of the overall impact of the therapists' contribution but, at the same time, controlling for several potential covariates effecting this relationship.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: In couple therapy clients often suffer from a blend of individual psychiatric symptoms as well as severe relational distress. However, research is inconclusive on whether relational change predicts symptom change or vice versa. Because answers to this question could have important clinical implications on what to focus on in couple therapy at which time in treatment, more research is recommended.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The factor structure of depression differs for different sub-samples. The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure of Beck Depression Inventory-II in patients with chronic depression presenting for inpatient treatment.

Methods: Using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), we explored whether a two-factor solution or a bifactor solution provided best model fit for a sample of 377 patients.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The therapeutic alliance has gained status as a common factor in psychotherapy due to its robust predictive relationship with outcome. The current challenge in our field is to gain a more nuanced understanding of alliance's impact on the progress of treatment over the course of therapy. In the current study, alliance was measured on 3 dimensions: (a) the individual's as well as the couple's joint perception of alliance with the therapist ("self/group-therapist"), (b) each partner's perception of the alliance between the spouse and the therapist ("other-therapist"), and (c) the couple's assessment of alliance with each other ("within-system").

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Research indicates that combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication (ADM) provides cumulative effects and thus outperforms monotherapy in treating chronic depression. In this quasi-experimental study, we explored symptom change for patients with chronic depression treated with ADM when presenting for a 12-week psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment programme. We compared outcomes through treatment and follow-up of patients who continued medication with those who discontinued.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Both good therapeutic bond as well as extra-therapeutic social support seem to enhance treatment outcomes. Some features of the therapeutic bond are similar to experiences in extra-therapeutic relationships (e.g.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF