The inter-relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, dementia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I.

Background: Given sparse relevant data, the aim of this study was to determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection, including cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) producing strains, is associated with dementia in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: Longitudinal data from 1115 participants in the community-based Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (mean age 64.0 years, 48.

Longer term follow up of outcomes following implantation of a modular rotating hinge knee prosthesis: 53 implants at mean 7.6 year follow up.

Background: Rotating hinge knee replacements are becoming more common but have historically had high complication and failure rates. This study is one of the largest to assess the implant survival and patient outcomes of a third-generation rotating hinge knee replacement at a single tertiary orthopaedic centre.

Methods: Data for consecutive operations at our tertiary unit between 2006 to 2020 were assessed with review of electronic patient and radiology records.

The Clinical Relevance of Diabetes Distress versus Major Depression in Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Class Analysis from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: The nosological position and clinical relevance of the concept of diabetes distress (DD) are uncertain. The aim of this study was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to categorise classes of people with type 2 diabetes and to compare their characteristics.

Methods: Data from 662 participants in the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II were analysed.

Heart rate recovery after orthostatic challenge and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in older individuals: prospective multicentre observational cohort study.

Background: Impaired vagal function in older individuals, quantified by the 'gold standard' delayed heart rate recovery after maximal exercise (HRR), is an independent predictor of cardiorespiratory capacity and mortality (particularly when HRR ≤12 beats min). Heart rate also often declines after orthostatic challenge (HRR), but the mechanism remains unclear. We tested whether HRR reflects similar vagal autonomic characteristics as HRR.

Group-Based Trajectory Modelling of Changes in Mobility over Six Years in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

To investigate temporal changes in mobility in community-based people with type 2 diabetes, Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) data were analysed. The baseline assessment included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which was repeated biennially for up to six years. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) identified TUG trajectory groups in participants with ≥2 tests.

A molecular epidemiological study on Escherichia coli in young chicks with colibacillosis identified two possible outbreaks across farms.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the cause of colibacillosis outbreaks in young poultry chicks, resulting in acute to peracute death. The high morbidity and mortality caused by colibacillosis results in poor animal welfare, reduced sustainability and economical loss worldwide. To advance the understanding of the molecular epidemiology, genomic relatedness and virulence traits of APEC, we performed systematic sampling from 45 confirmed colibacillosis broiler flocks with high first week mortality (FWM) during 2018-2021.

Prescribing tailored home exercise program to older adults in the community using a tailored self-modeled video: A pre-post study.

Background: Community rehabilitation for older people after hospital discharge is necessary to regain functional ability and independence. However, poor adherence to exercise programs continues to hinder achieving positive health outcomes in older people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribing a tailored video self-modeled DVD-HEP for 6 weeks, on functional mobility, physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life, in a sample of frail older adults.

Temporal Trends in Mortality Associated with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes and Schizophrenia: The Fremantle Diabetes Study.

Background: In Phase I of the community-based Fremantle Diabetes Study (FDS1), there was evidence of a deleterious interactive effect of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes on mortality. Our aim was to investigate whether the mortality gap had improved in FDS Phase II (FDS2) conducted 15 years later.

Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes from FDS1 (n = 1291 recruited 1993-1996) and FDS2 (n = 1509 recruited 2008-2011) were age-, sex- and postcode-matched 1:4 to people without diabetes.

The relationship between thyroid dysfunction, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Aims: It is uncertain whether subclinical thyroid dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether undetected thyroid disease increases the risk of incident CVD and death in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: One thousand two hundred fifty participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.

Single-stage repair of displaced bucket-handle meniscal tears with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction leads to good meniscal survivorship : a retrospective cohort study.

Aims: The best surgical strategy for the management of displaced bucket-handle (BH) meniscal tears in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee is unclear. Combining meniscal repair with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is thought to improve meniscal healing rates; however, patients with displaced BH meniscal tears may lack extension. This leads some to advocate staged surgery to avoid postoperative stiffness and loss of range of motion (ROM) following ACLR.

High sequence similarity between avian pathogenic E. coli isolates from individual birds and within broiler chicken flocks during colibacillosis outbreaks.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) cause high first week mortality (FWM) in broiler chickens worldwide. In order to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of colibacillosis in broiler flocks it is important to develop reliable and cost-effective sampling guidelines.

The MITRE trial protocol: a study to evaluate the microbiome as a biomarker of efficacy and toxicity in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Background: The gut microbiome is implicated as a marker of response to  immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) based on preclinical mouse models and preliminary observations in limited patient series. Furthermore, early studies suggest faecal microbial transfer may have therapeutic potential, converting ICI non-responders into responders. So far, identification of specific responsible bacterial taxa has been inconsistent, which limits future application.

The incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkeys is associated with farm, season and faecal Eimeria oocyst counts.

Background: Specific studies on the epidemiology of necrotic enteritis in turkeys are absent in the literature. Necrotic enteritis is common in turkeys and a leading cause of use of therapeutic antibiotics. This study describes the incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkey farms, and the association between incidence and bird age, season, faecal oocyst counts, grow-out size and feed mill.

Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in Australian baby boomers: the Busselton healthy ageing study.

Background And Objective: Chronic medical conditions accumulate within individuals with age. However, knowledge concerning the trends, patterns and determinants of multimorbidity remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity using extensive individual phenotyping in a general population of Australian middle-aged adults.

Strangulated internal hernia due to defect in broad ligament: a case report.

Small bowel obstruction is a relatively common disease process accounting for up to 16 percent of surgical admissions and more than 300,000 operations annually in the United States. Approximately 5-8 percent of small bowel obstructions can be attributed to internal hernias. A slightly lower percentage, roughly 4-7 percent, of these internal hernias are noted to originate from a defect in the broad ligament of the uterus.

Quadratus lumborum block type 3 versus lumbar plexus block in hip replacement surgery: a randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study.

Introduction: The posterior lumbar plexus block (LPB) has been used for decades to provide acute pain management after hip surgery. Unfamiliarity with the technique and its perceived difficulty, potential risks, and possible adverse effects such as quadriceps weakness have limited broader use. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has been reported to be effective for postoperative pain control following hip surgery and may thus offer another regional alternative for practitioners.

Liver Transplantation Using Hepatitis C Virus-Viremic Donors Into Hepatitis C Virus-Aviremic Recipients as Standard of Care.

Liver transplantation (LT) using allografts from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic/nucleic acid testing-positive donors' (DNAT+) organs into HCV-aviremic recipients (rHCV-) has been limited owing to nearly universal HCV transmission and concerns regarding availability, safety, and efficacy post-LT with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. We report our experience of LT using DNAT+ organs into rHCV- as a routine standard of care. Following verification of DAA access, absence of critical drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with DAAs, and informed consent, allocated DNAT+ organs were offered to patients on the waiting list for LT irrespective of recipient HCV status.

Links between donor macrosteatosis, interleukin-33 and complement after liver transplantation.

Background: As prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases in the population, livers with steatosis will continue to infiltrate the donor pool. Safe utilization of these extended criteria grafts is paramount given the increased risk associated with their use in transplantation. Prognostic factors that can predict liver dysfunction immediately after transplantation with macrosteatotic grafts are lacking.

Locally Invasive Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Presenting in the Splenic Flexure: A Rare Case Report.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignant cancer seen predominantly in males presenting with high-risk factors including chronic pancreatitis, familial history of cancer, and tobacco and alcohol abuse. The etiology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is deceptive, and research continues to investigate its molecular patterns. Herein, we present a case of a 74-year-old Caucasian male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with tarry stools and hematochezia in the rectum for two weeks.

Contemporary Cardiovascular Risk Assessment for Type 2 Diabetes Including Heart Failure as an Outcome: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment has limitations. The aim of this study was to develop a risk equation adding heart failure (HF) to conventional major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD death) and allowing for non-CVD death. 1551 community-based people with T2D (mean age 66 years, 52% males) were followed from baseline in 2008-2011 for five years to the first CVD event/death.

Retinopathy predicts stroke but not myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: Microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but most relevant studies were performed > 10 years ago. CVD risk factor management has since improved. The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity increases stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) risk in a contemporary cohort.

Minimum 10-year outcomes of a fixed bearing all-polyethylene unicompartmental knee arthroplasty used to treat medial osteoarthritis.

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) accounts for 8.9% of knee arthroplasty procedures in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Fixed bearing UKA designs have shown favourable survivorship in registries when compared with mobile bearings but some studies suggest poor survival of all-polyethylene fixed tibial bearings.