The Relationship between Protein Intake and Source on Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality largely due to increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study examined the relationships among protein consumption and sources on glycemic control and cardiovascular health in individuals with prediabetes and T2D. Sixty-two overweight or obese participants with prediabetes or T2D, aged 45-75 years were stratified into the following three groups based on protein intake: <0.

The Effects of Multi-Day vs. Single Pre-exercise Nitrate Supplement Dosing on Simulated Cycling Time Trial Performance and Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation.

Jo, E, Fischer, M, Auslander, AT, Beigarten, A, Daggy, B, Hansen, K, Kessler, L, Osmond, A, Wang, H, and Wes, R. The effects of multiday vs. single pre-exercise nitrate supplement dosing on simulated cycling time trial performance and skeletal muscle oxygenation.

The Role of Fish Oil in Inflammatory Eye Diseases.

Consumption of fish oil is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and also reduces the severity of many other inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. The beneficial effects are attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in fish oils. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects was long thought to be by modulating the production of proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

A combination of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu extracts for short-term symptomatic relief of joint discomfort associated with osteoarthritis of the knee.

The extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu have been shown in previous studies to alleviate joint discomfort, reduce stiffness, and improve mobility by reducing the production of proinflammatory molecules over long periods of supplementation. The acute effects of intake of these extracts have not yet been investigated. Thus, we carried out a 1 week clinical trial to examine the extent to which UP446-a natural proprietary blend of S.

Effects of hypocaloric diet, low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement, or both on aortic hemodynamics and muscle mass in obese postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study aims to examine the independent and combined impact of hypocaloric diet and low-intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) on aortic hemodynamics and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in obese postmenopausal women.

Methods: Forty-one obese postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age, 54 [1] y) were randomly assigned to LIRET (n = 13), diet (n = 14), or diet + LIRET (n = 14). Body weight, waist circumference, aortic systolic blood pressure, aortic pulse pressure, augmentation index, subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR; myocardial perfusion), and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after 12 weeks.

Effects of diet and/or low-intensity resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, adiposity, and lean mass in obese postmenopausal women.

Background: Obesity and aging are associated with increased arterial stiffness as indicated by an increased pulse-wave velocity (PWV). We evaluated the independent and combined effects on PWV and body composition of a hypocaloric diet and low-intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) with slow movement.

Methods: Forty-one postmenopausal women (mean age, 54±6 years; body mass index (BMI), 33.

Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in Native American postmenopausal women.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which the daily incorporation of approximately 30 g of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, for a period of 3 months into the diet of Native American postmenopausal women positively affects their lipid profiles.

Methods: Fifty-five mild to moderately hypercholesterolemic (> or =5.1 to < or =9.

Effect of vitamin E on lipid parameters in ovariectomized rats.

The risk of cardiovascular disease drastically increases at the onset of menopause, in part, because of rise in blood cholesterol and unfavorable changes in lipid profile. This study was designed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of vitamin E supplementation on lipid parameters in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Sixty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (sham; one group) or ovx (four groups).

Flaxseed reduces plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation in ovariectomized Golden Syrian hamsters.

Background: Dietary modification contributes significantly in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including lowering cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, alpha-linolenic acid and soluble fiber mucilage, on the prevention of ovariectomy-induced rise in total cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions.

Methods: Seventy-two 6-month-old female Golden Syrian hamsters were either ovariectomized (ovx) or sham-operated (sham) and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 12): sham, ovx, or ovx plus either 17beta-estradiol (E(2), 10 microg/kg body weight) or semi-purified diet adjusted for macronutrients and fiber to contain one of the three doses of flaxseed (7.

Soy isoflavones prevent ovariectomy-induced atherosclerotic lesions in Golden Syrian hamster model of postmenopausal hyperlipidemia.

Objective: Soy isoflavones, as dietary supplements, may reduce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions that increase in women after menopause. The objectives of this study were to determine whether (1) ovariectomized (ovx) hamsters will develop atherosclerotic lesions and (2) soy isoflavones can dose-dependently prevent the ovariectomy-induced rise in plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions in hamsters.

Design: Seventy-two 6-month-old female Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to six groups: sham-operated; ovx control; ovx + 17beta-estradiol (E(2); 10 microg E(2) per kilogram of body weight); and ovx + 9.

Effect of HPMC and Carbopol on the release and floating properties of Gastric Floating Drug Delivery System using factorial design.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of formulation variables on drug release and floating properties of the delivery system. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of different viscosity grades and Carbopol 934P (CP934) were used in formulating the Gastric Floating Drug Delivery System (GFDDS) employing 2 x 3 full factorial design. Main effects and interaction terms of the formulation variables could be evaluated quantitatively by a mathematical model.

Stability of ingested methylcellulose in the rat determined by polymer molar mass measurements by light scattering.

Methylcellulose (MC) is ingested by humans in food and pharmaceutical formulations. The functional properties of MC like those of other linear polymers depend primarily on polymer length or molar mass for largely linear polymers. Although many studies in animals and humans have shown complete excretion of MC, in vitro human fecal fermentation studies indicate that MC can be degraded and presumably lose some of its functionality.

Effect of formulation variables on the floating properties of gastric floating drug delivery system.

Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of formulation variables on the floating properties of a gastric floating drug delivery system (GFDDS) using a continuous floating monitoring system and statistical experimental design.

Methods: A modified continuous floating monitoring system, which consisted of an electric balance interfacing with a PC, was designed to perform the continuous monitoring of floating kinetics of GFDDS. Several formulation variables, such as different types of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), varying HPMC/Carbopol ratio, and addition of magnesium stearate, were evaluated using Taguchi design, and the effects of these variables were subjected to statistical analysis.

Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.

The risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis drastically increases at the onset of menopause. Phytoestrogens have been suggested to inhibit bone loss and protect the cardiovascular system, in part by improving lipid profiles. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of flaxseed, a rich source of the phytoestrogens called lignans, on lipid metabolism and biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women.