analysis of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) interference with the international normalized ratio (INR).

Background: Previous literature suggests a laboratory interference of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) with prothrombin time (PT) and the international normalized ratio (INR). Early publications focused on this interaction in the setting of an acetaminophen overdose and evaluated the INR of patients receiving intravenous NAC. However, there is limited literature describing the concentration-effect relationship of NAC to INR measurement in the absence of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity at therapeutic NAC concentrations.

Outcomes of acute exploratory pediatric lithium ingestions.

To date, very little literature describes the outcomes of acute unintentional ingestions of lithium in young children. This study aimed to describe the clinical effects and outcomes reported in these patients reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS). This is a retrospective observational study of acute unintentional lithium ingestions in children <6 years of age.

Prime eligible poisons: identification of extremely hazardous substances available on Amazon.com.

Widespread use of the Internet has increased availability of numerous products. Multiple published cases highlight that toxic xenobiotics are available for purchase online. Most cases describe purchase from the deep web.

Trends in types of calls managed by U.S. poison centers 2000-2015.

Aim: The number of cases reported to poison centers has decreased since 2008 but there is evidence that the complexity of calls is increasing.

Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate national poison center data for trends in reason and how these changes effect management site, medical outcomes, and poison center workload.

Methods: Data regarding reason, age, management site, and medical outcome were extracted from annual reports of the National Poison Data System from 2000 to 2015.

A Fluorescence Quenching Analysis of the Binding of Fluoroquinolones to Humic Acid.

Fluorescence quenching was used to investigate the interaction of six fluoroquinolones with humic acid. Static quenching was observed for the binding of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin to humic acid. The equilibrium binding constants were found from Stern-Volmer plots of the data.

Abuse and Intentional Misuse of Promethazine Reported to US Poison Centers: 2002 to 2012.

Objective: Promethazine abuse has been reported. The objective was to investigate promethazine abuse/misuse in the United States.

Methods: An 11-year retrospective review was conducted of promethazine abuse and intentional misuse cases without co-ingestants in persons 10 years and older reported to the National Poison Data System.

Toxalbumin exposures: 12 years' experience of U.S. poison centers.

Background: Toxalbumins are natural plant toxins purported to be highly toxic. The purpose was to evaluate toxalbumin exposures reported to U.S.

Evaluation of quetiapine abuse and misuse reported to poison centers.

Objective: There are case reports of abuse of quetiapine, but no studies address quetiapine abuse or misuse. Most literature on the population that abuses quetiapine describes an older age group with previous substance abuse history, many of whom are in jail. The objective of this study was to evaluate national poison center data on misuse/abuse of quetiapine.

Investigating the binding of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid through fluorescence quenching.

A fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the equilibrium binding constants for the association of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid. The fluorescence of each polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH) was monitored as aliquots of humic acid were added, and a Stern-Volmer plot was produced in which the slope is the equilibrium constant of the binding reaction. The quenching experiments were performed at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C.

Integrated lower extremity trauma simulator.

Severe limb trauma is prevalent in deployed U.S. Military forces since the advent of body armor.

Acute, unintentional pediatric brodifacoum ingestions.

Background: Brodifacoum is the major rodenticide used in the United States today. It is similar to warfarin but has more potent and prolonged effects. Large overdoses and chronic intoxication have been associated with significant coagulopathies and death.

Accidental injection of epinephrine from an autoinjector: invasive treatment not always required.

Background: Individual case reports of accidental injection with epinephrine appear in the literature and seem to represent the worst case scenarios. We present a case series of 28 exposures to epinephrine via autoinjector.

Method: All accidental parenteral injections of epinephrine by autoinjector reported to two regional poison information centers over a 2-year period were included.