The Changing Landscape of Substitute School Nursing: A School Nurse Administrator Roundtable.

School nurse administrators increasingly express concerns over the availability of substitute school nurses with return to in-person learning after the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. While healthcare staffing concerns and shortages are not unique to the school setting, the increasing health acuity of the student population, delegation principles, and staffing models complicate the issue. Traditional methods of covering absences may no longer suffice.

Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression.

Background: The canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.

Who is Overdosing? An Updated Picture of Overdose Deaths From 2008 to 2015.

Purpose: To determine the role of opioids in drug overdose deaths in Allen County, Indiana between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015.

Methods: File review of 418 overdose deaths was performed using Indiana State Department of Health death certificates available through the Allen County Coroner's Office. Data from autopsy and toxicology reports and coroner-requested prescribing data from Indiana's Prescription Monitoring Program were reviewed.

A Cationic Micelle Complex Improves CD8+ T Cell Responses in Vaccination Against Unmodified Protein Antigen.

Nanoscale carrier platforms promote immune responses to vaccination by facilitating delivery of vaccine components to immunologically relevant sites. The technique is particularly valuable for subunit vaccination, in which coadministration of immunostimulatory adjuvant is known to enhance immune responses to protein antigen. The fabrication of polymer-based nanoparticle vaccines commonly requires covalent attachment of vaccine components to the carrier surface.

Crystalline Oligo(ethylene sulfide) Domains Define Highly Stable Supramolecular Block Copolymer Assemblies.

With proper control over copolymer design and solvation conditions, self-assembled materials display impressive morphological variety that encompasses nanoscale colloids as well as bulk three-dimensional architectures. Here we take advantage of both hydrophobicity and crystallinity to mediate supramolecular self-assembly of spherical micellar, linear fibrillar, or hydrogel structures by a family of highly asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-oligo(ethylene sulfide) (PEG-OES) copolymers. Assembly structural polymorphism was achieved with modification of PEG-OES topology (linear versus multiarm) and with precise, monomer-by-monomer control of OES length.

Using Frankencerts for Automated Adversarial Testing of Certificate Validation in SSL/TLS Implementations.

Modern network security rests on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols. Distributed systems, mobile and desktop applications, embedded devices, and all of secure Web rely on SSL/TLS for protection against network attacks. This protection critically depends on whether SSL/TLS clients correctly validate X.

Mussel mimetic tissue adhesive for fetal membrane repair: initial in vivo investigation in rabbits.

Objective: Iatrogenic preterm prelabour rupture of fetal membranes (iPPROM) remains the main complication after invasive interventions into the intrauterine cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing capability and tissue interaction of mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) in comparison to fibrin glue on punctured fetal membranes in vivo.

Study Design: A mid-gestational rabbit model was used for testing the materials.

Repeated polyploidization of Gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres.

Polyploidy often confers emergent properties, such as the higher fibre productivity and quality of tetraploid cottons than diploid cottons bred for the same environments. Here we show that an abrupt five- to sixfold ploidy increase approximately 60 million years (Myr) ago, and allopolyploidy reuniting divergent Gossypium genomes approximately 1-2 Myr ago, conferred about 30-36-fold duplication of ancestral angiosperm (flowering plant) genes in elite cottons (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense), genetic complexity equalled only by Brassica among sequenced angiosperms. Nascent fibre evolution, before allopolyploidy, is elucidated by comparison of spinnable-fibred Gossypium herbaceum A and non-spinnable Gossypium longicalyx F genomes to one another and the outgroup D genome of non-spinnable Gossypium raimondii.

Mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive for fetal membrane repair: an ex vivo evaluation.

Iatrogenic preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (iPPROM) remains the main complication after invasive interventions into the intrauterine cavity. Here, the proteolytic stability of mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) and its sealing behavior on punctured fetal membranes are evaluated. The proteolytic degradation of mussel glue and fibrin glue were compared in vitro.

The present and future of biologically inspired adhesive interfaces and materials.

The natural world provides many examples of robust, permanent adhesive platforms. Synthetic adhesive interfaces and materials inspired by mussels of genus Mytulis have been extensively applied, and it is expected that characterization and adaptation of several other biological adhesive strategies will follow the Mytilus edulis model. These candidate species will be introduced, along with a discussion of the adhesive behaviors that make them attractive for synthetic adaptation.

Enzymatically degradable mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogel.

Mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogels represent innovative candidate medical sealants or glues. In the present work, we describe an enzyme-degradable mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogel formulation, achieved by incorporating minimal elastase substrate peptide Ala-Ala into the branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomer structure. The system takes advantage of neutrophil elastase expression upregulation and secretion from neutrophils upon recruitment to wounded or inflamed tissue.

Auto-objective accommodative measurements as a valid and reliable new method of pediatric, strabismus and amblyopia, vision screening.

Purpose: Recent technological advances in photoscreening devices have improved their performance for pediatric vision screening. Monocular noncycloplegic autorefractors have also been used but cannot assure that accommodation is held constant between the two eyes. In this study we utilized a simple childrens near autorefraction without correction on the open field Grand Seiko autorefractor to determine if it alone could be a viable method of pediatric vision screening to detect amblyopia risk factors.

A genetic map of an Australian wild Gossypium C genome and assignment of homoeologies with tetraploid cultivated cotton.

Genetic diversity for traits such as fibre quality or disease resistance to microorganisms is limited in the elite cotton germplasm; consequently, cotton breeders are looking for novel alleles in the secondary or even in the tertiary gene pools. The wild Australian Gossypium species (tertiary gene pool) represent an alternative source of novel alleles. However, to use these species efficiently, enabling tools are required.

Mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive for fetal membrane repair: a standardized ex vivo evaluation using elastomeric membranes.

Objective: Iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of membranes (iPPROM), the main complication of invasive interventions in the prenatal period, seriously limits the benefit of diagnostic or surgical prenatal procedures. This study aimed to evaluate preventive plugging of punctured fetal membranes in an ex vivo situation using a new mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) to inhibit leakage.

Methods: A novel biomechanical test device that tests the closure of injured membranes under near-physiological conditions was used.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adults with childhood lead exposure.

Background: Childhood lead exposure adversely affects neurodevelopment. However, few studies have examined changes in human brain metabolism that may underlie known adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Objective: We examined the association between mean childhood blood lead levels and in vivo brain metabolite concentrations as adults, determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a birth cohort with documented low-to-moderate lead exposure.

Local origin of two vegetative compatibility groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum in Australia.

Pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum from geographically widespread native Gossypium populations, including a cotton growing area believed to be the center of origin of VCG 01111 and VCG 01112 of F. oxysporum f. sp.

Functional and evolutionary relationships between terpene synthases from Australian Myrtaceae.

Myrtaceae is one of the chemically most variable and most significant essential oil yielding plant families. Despite an abundance of chemical information, very little work has focussed on the biochemistry of terpene production in these plants. We describe 70 unique partial terpene synthase transcripts and eight full-length cDNA clones from 21 myrtaceous species, and compare phylogenetic relationships and leaf oil composition to reveal clades defined by common function.

The influence of age of lead exposure on adult gray matter volume.

Childhood lead exposure is associated with decreased cognitive abilities and executive functioning localized within the prefrontal cortex. Several studies have observed stronger associations between blood lead measurements obtained later in life than earlier measures, but there are no imaging studies investigating the developmental trajectory of blood lead levels taken during childhood on adult gray matter volume. In this study, we recruited 157 adults (20.

Injectable candidate sealants for fetal membrane repair: bonding and toxicity in vitro.

Objective: This study was undertaken to test injectable surgical sealants that are biocompatible with fetal membranes and that are to be used eventually for the closure of iatrogenic membrane defects.

Study Design: Dermabond (Ethicon Inc, Norderstedt, Germany), Histoacryl (B. Braun GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany), and Tissucol (Baxter AG, Volketwil, Switzerland) fibrin glue, and 3 types of in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer hydrogels were tested for acute toxicity on direct contact with fetal membranes for 24 hours.

Biological performance of mussel-inspired adhesive in extrahepatic islet transplantation.

There is significant need for effective medical adhesives that function reliably on wet tissue surfaces with minimal inflammatory insult. To address these performance characteristics, we have generated a synthetic adhesive biomaterial inspired by the protein glues of marine mussels. In-vivo performance was interrogated in a murine model of extrahepatic syngeneic islet transplantation, as an alternative to standard portal administration.

Altered myelination and axonal integrity in adults with childhood lead exposure: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Childhood lead exposure is associated with adverse cognitive, neurobehavioral and motor outcomes, suggesting altered brain structure and function. The purpose of this work was to assess the long-term impact of childhood lead exposure on white matter integrity in young adults. We hypothesized that childhood lead exposure would alter adult white matter architecture via deficits in axonal integrity and myelin organization.

Evolution of virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum using serial passage assays through susceptible cotton.

Fifty strains of Fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native Gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. Only one lineage A strain, 2613, successfully completed 10 successive passages, while all others lost the ability to cause foliar disease symptoms at various stages during this process. Based on 46 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers generated with four EcoRI x MseI primer combinations, mutants were identified in offspring isolates from strain 2613 regardless of whether serial passages occurred in cotton or on water agar, suggesting the occurrence of spontaneous mutations.