Whole blood concentrations of fingolimod and its pharmacologically active metabolite fingolimod phosphate obtained during routine health care of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Fingolimod is a first-in-class, orally administered drug indicated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It acts as an immunomodulator, is classified as a "disease-modifying therapy", and its main mechanism of action is the modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. In this prospective pilot study, whole blood concentrations of fingolimod and fingolimod phosphate obtained during routine health care were measured.

Vancomycin wound penetration in open-heart surgery patients receiving negative pressure wound therapy for deep sternal wound infection.

Introduction: It is hypothesized that systemically administered antibiotics penetrate wound sites more effectively during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). However, there is a lack of clinical data from patients who receive NPWT for deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after open-heart surgery. Here, we evaluated vancomycin penetration into exudate in this patient group.

A liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of ocrelizumab in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Ocrelizumab is a second generation recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis that selectively target B cells expressing the CD20 antigen. This study aimed to develop and validate a UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of ocrelizumab in human serum, which can be used in clinical applications for therapeutic drug monitoring. The analysis of ocrelizumab was performed using a bottom-up approach on a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Fingolimod is an oral drug for the escalation of treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with persistent disease activity on first-line drugs or in patients with rapidly progressive severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determining the concentrations of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood has been developed and validated. The advantages of this method are the easy, fast and cheap sample preparation using protein precipitation from blood with a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (40:60, v/v).

Analysis of Concentrations of Monomethyl Fumarate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Result from Routine Health Care.

Background: Dimethyl fumarate is used to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. After ingestion, it is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active primary metabolite monomethyl fumarate.

Objective: The main objective of our study was to analyze serum concentrations of monomethyl fumarate during routine health care in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with a fixed dose of dimethyl fumarate.

Serum teriflunomide concentrations in routine multiple sclerosis therapy: A cross-sectional pilot study.

Background: Teriflunomide is administered orally to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In this prospective pilot study, the free and total serum concentrations of teriflunomide obtained during routine health care were measured and their relationship with disease activity was evaluated.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients were included in this study.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of total and free antibiotic concentrations in serum and exudate from patients with post-sternotomy deep sternal wound infection receiving negative pressure wound therapy.

Background: Systemically administered antibiotics are thought to penetrate the wounds more effectively during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).To test this hypothesis total and free antibiotic concentrations were quantified in serum and wound exudate.

Methods: UHPLC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated for the determination of ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, meropenem, oxacillin, piperacillin with tazobactam, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole), gentamicin, vancomycin, and linezolid.

Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of natalizumab in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Natalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal IgG4 antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Commonly used methods for natalizumab and anti-natalizumab antibodies quantification are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Measurement of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be challenging due to the resemblance to human plasma immunoglobulins.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of total and free teriflunomide concentration in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Teriflunomide belongs to disease-modifying drugs and is used in treatment of multiple sclerosis. According to in vitro studies more than 99.4 % of drug is binding to plasma proteins and only less than 1 % is free for clinical activity.

Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in mothers, colostrum, and breastfed newborns: Comparison with concentrations determined during delivery and in the mature milk period.

Objective: To obtain information on the transport of carbamazepine and its active metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide from mother to colostrum and breastfed newborns.

Methods: In this cohort study, carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in maternal serum (162 women), milk (i.e.

Monitoring of lamotrigine concentrations in mothers, colostrum, and breastfed newborns during the early postpartum period.

Objective: To analyse the concentrations of lamotrigine in maternal serum, colostrum, and serum of breastfed newborns, and to evaluate the effect of comedication with enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid.

Methods: This cohort study collected data from 158 women and 143 breastfed newborns. Maternal serum, milk (i.

Comparison of Mw\Pharm 3.30 and Mw\Pharm ++ (Windows version) software for PK/PD monitoring of vancomycin: A priori modeling.

Objective: To evaluate the possibility of population-based dose optimization with the aid of MwPharm modeling and to find the best model in the Windows version (WIN).

Materials: 25 patients repeatedly examined for vancomycin (mean age 63 ± 14 years, body weight 88 ± 21 kg, median dose 1 g/12 h).

Methods: Trough concentrations predicted by WIN models , , , and DOS model (DOS) were compared with the measured value.

Valproic Acid Concentrations in Mothers, Colostrum and Breastfed Infants during the Early Postpartum Period: Comparison with Concentrations Determined during Delivery and in the Mature Milk Period.

To obtain information on the transport of valproic acid from mothers to colostrum and breastfed infants, in this cohort study, valproic acid concentrations in maternal serum (90 subjects), colostrum and the serum of breastfed infants were analyzed in years 1993-2018, between the 2nd and 5th postnatal days. Valproic acid concentrations ranged from 4.3 to 66.

Comparison of Mw\Pharm 3.30 and Mw\Pharm ++, a Windows version of pharmacokinetic software for PK/PD monitoring of vancomycin. Part 1: A-posteriori modelling.

Background And Objectives: For a long time, the Mw\Pharm software suite (MEDI\WARE, Prague, Czech Republic/ Groningen, Netherlands) has been used for PK/PD modelling in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The aim of this study was to find the best model in the newer Windows Mw\Pharm++ 1.3.

Therapeutic drug monitoring guided fluconazole therapy in a patient with cholangitis sepsis.

and other fungal species play an increasing role in nosocomial infections, including cholangitis and cholangiosepsis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential in successful patient outcomes. Fluconazole is an antifungal of choice in fluconazole-sensitive infections.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of gentamicin and its individual congeners in serum and comparison results with two immunoanalytical methods (fluorescence polarization immunoassay and chemiluminiscent microparticle immunoassay).

Background: Total gentamicin is a sum of five congeners C1, C1a, C2, C2a and minor C2b, which differ from each other in their methylation on the purpurosamine ring. Liquid chromatography with mass detection (LC-MS/MS) and specified calibration material enables the concentration of total gentamicin and its individual congeners to be analysed.

Methods: 50 µL serum was precipitated with acetonitrile in the presence of 0.

Was it necessary to change the therapeutic range of topiramate?

Aims: The Norwegian Association for Clinical Pharmacology in their National Guidelines decreased the therapeutic range (TR) of topiramate (TPM) from 5-20 mg/L to 2-10 mg/L. The objective of this study is to ascertain which TR produces better clinical outcomes.

Methods: The data sources were request forms for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TPM.

Umbilical Cord, Maternal Milk, and Breastfed Infant Levetiracetam Concentrations Monitoring at Delivery and during Early Postpartum Period.

(1) To obtain objective information about levetiracetam transplacental passage and its transport into colostrum, mature milk, and breastfed infants, we analyzed data from women treated for epilepsy between October 2006 and January 2021; (2) in this cohort study, maternal, umbilical cord, milk, and infant serum concentrations were measured at delivery, 2-4 days postpartum (colostrum) and 7-31 days postpartum (mature milk). Paired umbilical cord serum, maternal serum, breastfed infant serum, and milk concentrations were used to assess the ratios of umbilical cord/maternal serum, milk/maternal serum, and infant/maternal serum concentrations. The influence of combined treatment with enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication carbamazepine was assessed; (3) the umbilical cord/maternal serum concentration ratio ranged between 0.

Therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine and its active metabolite during the 1st postnatal month: Influence of drug interactions.

Objective: To receive information about carbamazepine and its active metabolite 10,11-epoxide transport into mature milk and suckling infants.

Methods: In this cohort study, maternal serum, mature milk, and infant serum carbamazepine and epoxide levels were measured between the 6th and 29th postnatal day (carbamazepine in 1990-2017, epoxide in 1997-2017). Paired maternal serum, infant serum and milk levels were used for the assessment of ratios of this levels.

Monitoring topiramate concentrations at delivery and during lactation.

Objective: To determine transplacental passage of topiramate and its transport to colostrum, mature maternal milk and breastfed infants, we examined data from 27 women treated with topiramate from 2004 to 2020.

Methods: In this cohort study, maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, milk and infant serum levels were measured by gas chromatography in the delivery subgroup, the colostrum subgroup (3-4 days postpartum) and the mature milk subgroup (7-30 days postpartum). Paired umbilical cord serum, maternal serum, breastfed infant serum, and milk levels were used to assess the ratios of umbilical cord/maternal serum, milk/maternal serum and infant/maternal serum levels.

Meropenem serum concentrations in intensive care patients: a retrospective analysis.

Objectives: To determine whether currently used meropenem dosages in our hospital provide adequate serum concentrations.

Methods: Trough blood samples taken during the first meropenem concentration monitoring were included. For the evaluation of achievement of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target, MIC of the pathogens defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing was selected.

Valproic acid concentrations in nursing mothers, mature milk, and breastfed infants in monotherapy and combination therapy.

Valproic acid (VPA) is currently one of the four most often prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in pregnancy. However, only a small number of studies have measured suckling infant serum levels of the drug. We studied the transport of VPA from breastfeeding mothers to the mature milk and breastfed infants and the influence of comedication with enzyme-inducing AEDs.

A Short Communication: Lamotrigine Levels in Milk, Mothers, and Breastfed Infants During the First Postnatal Month.

Background: Lamotrigine has become the most frequently prescribed drug in the treatment of pregnant women with epilepsy. Although some relevant studies have found a wide milk/maternal serum as well as infant/maternal serum concentration ratio, different infant ages at the time of sampling and small number of patients preclude comparison. The aim of this study was to provide a consistent evaluation.

Lamotrigine drug interactions in combination therapy and the influence of therapeutic drug monitoring on clinical outcomes in paediatric patients.

The aim was to study the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on paediatric patients on lamotrigine therapy and the evaluation of possible drug interactions, especially in triple antiepileptic drug combinations. During the period of 2001-2015, 1308 pre-dose samples were taken from 430 patients <15 years of age as part of routine TDM. Drug interactions were evaluated using calculation of lamotrigine clearance.

Lamotrigine Drug Interactions in Combination Therapy and the Influence of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients.

Background: The aim was to study the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on patients on lamotrigine (LTG) therapy and the evaluation of possible drug interactions, especially in triple antiepileptic drug combinations.

Methods: During the period of 2001-2014, 3118 predose samples were taken from 1137 patients >15 years of age as part of their routine TDM. Drug interactions were evaluated using calculation of LTG clearance (CL).