Hepatic infection in a dog with cavitary lung disease.

A 9-year-old neutered male cairn terrier dog was initially presented because of inappetence, increased respiratory effort, and occasional coughing. A cavitary lung mass was diagnosed using CT and removed with lung lobectomy. Histopathology of the mass revealed necrosuppurative inflammation with acid-fast rod bacteria in macrophages, with spp.

Leadership in children and young people's nursing: an evolving journey.

Children and young people's (CYP) nursing leaders have experienced considerable challenges in the context of a complex health and social care system with rapidly changing organisational structures, including the establishment of integrated care systems in England on 1 July 2022. The CYP nursing lead at NHS England commissioned a review of CYP organisational structures in emerging integrated care systems across England. The review encompassed a vision for CYP services, leadership, governance structures and opportunities for progression.

DNA methylation-based profiling for paediatric CNS tumour diagnosis and treatment: a population-based study.

Background: Marked variation exists in the use of genomic data in tumour diagnosis, and optimal integration with conventional diagnostic technology remains uncertain despite several studies reporting improved diagnostic accuracy, selection for targeted treatments, and stratification for trials. Our aim was to assess the added value of molecular profiling in routine clinical practice and the impact on conventional and experimental treatments.

Methods: This population-based study assessed the diagnostic and clinical use of DNA methylation-based profiling in childhood CNS tumours using two large national cohorts in the UK.

Development of an evidence-based brief 'talking' intervention for non-responders to bowel screening for use in primary care: stakeholder interviews.

Background: Bowel cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Bowel screening has been shown to reduce mortality and primary care interventions have been successful in increasing uptake of screening. Using evidence-based theory to inform the development of such interventions has been shown to increase their effectiveness.

Is an opportunistic primary care-based intervention for non-responders to bowel screening feasible and acceptable? A mixed-methods feasibility study in Scotland.

Objectives: We aimed to test whether a brief, opportunistic intervention in general practice was a feasible and acceptable way to engage with bowel screening non-responders.

Design: This was a feasibility study testing an intervention which comprised a brief conversation during routine consultation, provision of a patient leaflet and instructions to request a replacement faecal occult blood test kit. A mixed-methods approach to evaluation was adopted.

Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in cats after oral, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE To characterize pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydoxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP) in the plasma of healthy cats after oral, IV, and IP administration of cyclophosphamide. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURES Cats were randomly assigned to receive cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m) via each of 3 routes of administration (oral, IV, and IP); there was a 30-day washout period between successive treatments.

Anticipated regret to increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening (ARTICS): A randomised controlled trial.

Screening is important for early detection of colorectal cancer. Our aim was to determine whether a simple anticipated regret (AR) intervention could increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening. A randomised controlled trial of a simple, questionnaire-based AR intervention, delivered alongside existing pre-notification letters, was conducted.

Clinical outcomes using a faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin as a first-line test in a national programme constrained by colonoscopy capacity.

Introduction: Because of their many advantages, faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are superseding traditional guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests in bowel screening programmes.

Methods: A quantitative FIT was adopted for use in two evaluation National Health Service (NHS) Boards in Scotland using a cut-off faecal haemoglobin concentration chosen to give a positivity rate equivalent to that achieved in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Uptake and clinical outcomes were compared with results obtained contemporaneously in two other similar NHS Boards and before and after the evaluation in the two evaluation NHS Boards.

Pharmacokinetic study and evaluation of the safety of taurolidine for dogs with osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma in dogs and humans share many similarities and the dog has been described as an excellent model to study this disease. The median survival in dogs has not improved in the last 25 years. Taurolidine has been shown to be cytotoxic to canine and human osteosarcoma in vitro.

Anticipated regret to increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening in Scotland (ARTICS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the UK. Screening is key to early detection. The Scottish programme of colorectal cancer screening is running successfully, and involves all adults aged between 50 and 74 years being invited to post back a faecal sample for testing every 2 years.

Pre-notification increases uptake of colorectal cancer screening in all demographic groups: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess whether pre-notification is effective in increasing uptake of colorectal cancer screening for all demographic groups.

Setting: Scottish national colorectal cancer screening programme.

Methods: Males and females aged 50-74 years received a faecal occult blood test by post to complete at home.

An institutional approach to assist program directors and coordinators with meeting the challenges of graduate medical education.

Objective: To investigate whether a multimethod approach, including a new position dedicated to graduate medical education (GME) educator, online education modules, and program file audits, was associated with quality improvement in our residency programs.

Method: Data related to GME audits, residency review committee citations and cycle lengths were entered into a database. We conducted statistical analyses and calculated effect sizes to explore whether these resources were associated with program quality, as measured by maintaining necessary program policies and files, implementation of multiple assessments, increased residency review committee cycle lengths, and reductions in the number of citations.

Inhaled flunisolide suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, but has minimal systemic immune effects in healthy cats.

Feline bronchial disease is commonly treated with oral glucocorticoids (OGC), which might be contraindicated in cats with certain infectious, endocrine, renal, or cardiac diseases. Inhalant GC (IGC) maximize local efficacy and minimize systemic bioavailability. We evaluated systemic endocrine and immune effects of IGC (flunisolide, 250 microg/puff q12h) versus OGC (prednisone, 10 mg/d PO) and placebo.

Calcium oxalate stones in feline littermates.

Two feline littermates were diagnosed with calcium oxalate uroliths. Both had been maintained on a commercially available dry diet with reduced magnesium and urine acidifying properties. One female littermate was diagnosed by visualising the stones by radiographs while the second littermate, also female, became blocked when one of the uroliths lodged in the urethra.

Diagnosis of naturally occurring toxoplasmosis by bronchoalveolar lavage in a cat.

A 5-year-old cat presented with a history of fever and respiratory distress of 7 days' duration. The cat did not respond to initial symptomatic treatment. Through use of a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was obtained rapidly without evidence of adverse effects to the cat.

Use of a prestorage leukoreduction filter effectively removes leukocytes from canine whole blood while preserving red blood cell viability.

Leukoreduction of blood products is a technique used to prevent leukocyte-induced transfusion reactions. Filters currently used for human blood products achieve at least a 99.9% reduction in leukocyte numbers per unit (450 mL) of blood.

A thermodynamic QSAR analysis of the polysubstrate monooxygenase responses to xenobiotic chemicals.

Empirical quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) predict risk from exposure to xenobiotic chemicals as a dependence of inverse concentration on oil-water partition and electronic structural factors. This is equivalent, term by term to standard kinetic molecular transition state theory. When this transformed version is applied to the behaviour of the polysubstrate monooxygenase (PSMO) enzyme system, the rate of unintended behaviour depends directly on only two electronic factors.

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease.

The Neuropathology Task Force of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) has developed a practical and standardized neuropathology protocol for the postmortem assessment of dementia and control subjects. The protocol provides neuropathologic definitions of such terms as "definite Alzheimer's disease" (AD), "probable AD," "possible AD," and "normal brain" to indicate levels of diagnostic certainty, reduce subjective interpretation, and assure common language. To pretest the protocol, neuropathologists from 15 participating centers entered information on autopsy brains from 142 demented patients clinically diagnosed as probable AD and on eight nondemented patients.

The relative induction of mixed-function oxidase specific activity to C-H and C-C1 bond strengths in polychlorinated derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs).

The structure-activity relationships between the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system and six polychlorinated derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs) were studied using Sprague Dawley rats. The study was set up in accordance with previous work in these laboratories involving monocyclic hydrocarbons. Three possible mechanisms at the MFO active site are proposed.

A correlation of induced mixed-function oxidase specific activity to C-H bond strengths in partially chlorinated monocyclic hydrocarbons.

The nature of structure-function relationships between the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system and certain chemically related xenobiotics has been studied. The total hepatic induction index has been modified and used to investigate whether the induction of hepatic MFO is primarily a response to molecular shape (entropic) or to the strength of specific carbon-hydrogen bond strength (enthalpic). Using both Sprague-Dawley male rats and ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) and testing with benzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, cyclohexane and gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane as both inducers and substrates, a response of the MFO system to substrate C-H bond strength has been found.

Factor invariance and the Life Satisfaction Index.

This investigation of the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) supports findings by Hoyt and Creech (1983) that indicate Adams' (1969) proposed factor structure is not invariant across groups. Two reduced factor models, proposed by Hoyt and Creech and based on a subset of LSI items, were studied with our sample (two levels each of income and age, N = 791). Our work confirms that the Hoyt and Creech 8-item LSI reveals the more stable factor structure of those examined.

A total hepatic induction index of metabolism for lipophilic xenobiotics.

A model for monitoring the hepatic ability to metabolize lipophilic xenobiotics is proposed. By identifying the behaviour of the mixed-function oxidase system as the rate determining feature of the response, an index can be devised from three independent factors: (i) the rate of the catalyzed reaction at each enzyme site, (ii) the concentration of such enzyme sites per hepatocyte and (iii) the total number of active hepatocytes available. Use of the model was tested by administering an acute oral dose of 1,2-benzanthracene to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Attitudinal versus ecological approaches to the characterization of institutional treatment environments.

The relational and discriminative properties of attitudinal and ecological measures of environments were examined within the context of a state hospital for mentally retarted clients. Three hypotheses were advanced, and the results gave substantial support for one of these and partial support for a second: (a) that the correlations between attitudinal and ecological measures should not differ significantly from zero, and (b) that differences among hospital treatment programs and living units should be reflected in ecological but not in attitudinal measures. However, the results did not provide clear confirmation for a third hypothesis: that differences among staff demographic characteristics and employment history should be reflected in attitudinal but not in ecological measures.