Evaluation of association of anti-PEG antibodies with anaphylaxis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

Background: The mechanism for anaphylaxis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has been widely debated; understanding this serious adverse event is important for future vaccines of similar design. A mechanism proposed is type I hypersensitivity (i.e.

Changes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Over Time in 10 Sites in the United States, March-August, 2020.

Background: Monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody prevalence can complement case reporting to inform more accurate estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection burden, but few studies have undertaken repeated sampling over time on a broad geographic scale.

Methods: We performed serologic testing on a convenience sample of residual serum obtained from persons of all ages, at 10 sites in the United States from 23 March through 14 August 2020, from routine clinical testing at commercial laboratories. We standardized our seroprevalence rates by age and sex, using census population projections and adjusted for laboratory assay performance.

Comparison of Estimated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Through Commercial Laboratory Residual Sera Testing and a Community Survey.

We compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence estimated from commercial laboratory residual sera and a community household survey in metropolitan Atlanta during April and May 2020 and found these 2 estimates to be similar (4.94% vs 3.18%).

Reversal of Object Recognition Memory Deficit in Perirhinal Cortex-Lesioned Rats and Primates and in Rodent Models of Aging and Alzheimer's Diseases.

The integrity of the perirhinal cortex (PRh) is essential for object recognition memory (ORM) function, and damage to this brain area in animals and humans induces irreversible ORM deficits. Here, we show that activation of area V2, a brain area interconnected with brain circuits of ventral stream and medial temporal lobe that sustain ORM, by expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14) restored ORM in memory-deficient PRh-lesioned rats and nonhuman primates. Furthermore, this treatment was sufficient for full recovery of ORM in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, conditions thought to affect multiple brain areas.

Management of incontinence-associated dermatitis patients using a skin protectant in acute care: a case series.

Objective: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of irritant contact dermatitis. It is categorised by persistent erythema and can be associated with denudation and/or colonisation and infection. IAD is challenging to treat and affects 3.

Macro-connectomics and microstructure predict dynamic plasticity patterns in the non-human primate brain.

The brain displays a remarkable ability to adapt following injury by altering its connections through neural plasticity. Many of the biological mechanisms that underlie plasticity are known, but there is little knowledge as to when, or where in the brain plasticity will occur following injury. This knowledge could guide plasticity-promoting interventions and create a more accurate roadmap of the recovery process following injury.

Development and validation of a robust multiplex serological assay to quantify antibodies specific to pertussis antigens.

Despite wide spread vaccination, the public health burden of pertussis remains substantial. Current acellular pertussis vaccines comprise upto five Bordetella pertussis (Bp) antigens. Performing an ELISA to quantify antibody for each antigen is laborious and challenging to apply to pediatric samples where serum volume may be limited.

Report of the proceedings of a UK skin safety advisory group.

Moisture-associated skin damage, especially incontinence-associated dermatitis, continues to present significant health challenges and requires multidisciplinary input to provide effective prevention and treatment. In the absence of mandatory reporting such damage is under- or wrongfully reported, resulting in a lack of accurate data on prevalence and costs of associated care. In March this year, a multidisciplinary team of experts met in the UK to seek to determine measures to improve patient skin care.

Integration of Chest CT CAD into the Clinical Workflow and Impact on Radiologist Efficiency.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe the integration of a commercial chest CT computer-aided detection (CAD) system into the clinical radiology reporting workflow and perform an initial investigation of its impact on radiologist efficiency. It seeks to complement research into CAD sensitivity and specificity of stand-alone systems, by focusing on report generation time when the CAD is integrated into the clinical workflow.

Materials And Methods: A commercial chest CT CAD software that provides automated detection and measurement of lung nodules, ascending and descending aorta, and pleural effusion was integrated with a commercial radiology report dictation application.

Behavioral Effect of Chemogenetic Inhibition Is Directly Related to Receptor Transduction Levels in Rhesus Monkeys.

We used inhibitory DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) to reversibly disrupt dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) function in male rhesus monkeys. Monkeys were tested on a spatial delayed response task to assess working memory function after intramuscular injection of either clozapine--oxide (CNO) or vehicle. CNO injections given before DREADD transduction were without effect on behavior.

The Rhesus Monkey Hippocampus Critically Contributes to Scene Memory Retrieval, But Not New Learning.

Humans can recall a large number of memories years after the initial events. Patients with amnesia often have lesions to the hippocampus, but human lesions are imprecise, making it difficult to identify the anatomy underlying memory impairments. Rodent studies enable great precision in hippocampal manipulations, but not investigation of many interleaved memories.

The House of Lords debates wound care strategy.

On Tuesday 22 November, the House of Lords (London, UK) held a short debate 'Improving the standard of wound care in the NHS.' It consisted of nine questions from the floor and a response from Lord O'Shaughnessy, The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health (Conservative). Here, Paul Browning, (Doctoral Research Student, University of Worcester, employed by 3M UK plc) summarises the key points from the evening and explains why it is so important we keep wound care on the Government's agenda.

High channel count single-unit recordings from nonhuman primate frontal cortex.

Background: Single unit recording in behaving nonhuman primates is widely used to study the primate central nervous system. However, certain questions cannot be addressed without recording large numbers of neurons simultaneously. Multiple 96-electrode probes can be implanted at one time, but certain problems must be overcome to make this approach practical.

Comparative evaluation of the functional properties of superabsorbent dressings and their effect on exudate management.

A range of wound dressings currently available in the UK and elsewhere, each claiming to possess different performance characteristics, can make dressing selection difficult. This report concentrates on the superabsorbent polymer dressings (SAPs) - which are designed to absorb medium to high levels of exudate and to maintain an 'ideal moist wound healing environment'. What do these dressings achieve, what are they suitable/not suitable for, and are all super-absorbent dressings equal in terms of performance and quality? When assessing the key performance characteristics of absorbency, moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR), strikethrough and structural integrity, results show that SAPs are not all the same-in fact each of them varies considerably and may lend themselves to different wound aetiologies and usage conditions.

Evidence for Mediodorsal Thalamus and Prefrontal Cortex Interactions during Cognition in Macaques.

It is proposed that mediodorsal thalamus contributes to cognition via interactions with prefrontal cortex. However, there is relatively little evidence detailing the interactions between mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex linked to cognition in primates. This study investigated these interactions during learning, memory, and decision-making tasks in rhesus monkeys using a disconnection lesion approach.

Recent advances in coronal heating.

The solar corona, the tenuous outer atmosphere of the Sun, is orders of magnitude hotter than the solar surface. This 'coronal heating problem' requires the identification of a heat source to balance losses due to thermal conduction, radiation and (in some locations) convection. The review papers in this Theo Murphy meeting issue present an overview of recent observational findings, large- and small-scale numerical modelling of physical processes occurring in the solar atmosphere and other aspects which may affect our understanding of the proposed heating mechanisms.

Direct synthesis of van der Waals solids.

The stacking of two-dimensional layered materials, such as semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and semimetallic graphene, has been theorized to produce tunable electronic and optoelectronic properties. Here we demonstrate the direct growth of MoS2, WSe2, and hBN on epitaxial graphene to form large-area van der Waals heterostructures. We reveal that the properties of the underlying graphene dictate properties of the heterostructures, where strain, wrinkling, and defects on the surface of graphene act as nucleation centers for lateral growth of the overlayer.

Causal effect of disconnection lesions on interhemispheric functional connectivity in rhesus monkeys.

In the absence of external stimuli or task demands, correlations in spontaneous brain activity (functional connectivity) reflect patterns of anatomical connectivity. Hence, resting-state functional connectivity has been used as a proxy measure for structural connectivity and as a biomarker for brain changes in disease. To relate changes in functional connectivity to physiological changes in the brain, it is important to understand how correlations in functional connectivity depend on the physical integrity of brain tissue.