Full fingerprint hyperspectral imaging of prostate cancer tissue microarrays within clinical timeframes using quantum cascade laser microscopy.

One of the major limitations for clinical applications of infrared spectroscopic imaging modalities is the acquisition time required to obtain reasonable images of tissues with high spatial resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The time to acquire a reasonable signal to noise spectroscopic scan of a standard microscope slide region of tissue can take many hours. As a trade-off, systems can allow for discrete wavenumber acquisitions, sacrificing potentially vital chemical bands in order to reach specific acquisition targets.

MRI Findings of La Crosse Virus Encephalitis in the Pediatric Population.

This retrospective cohort study describes MRI findings in 56 patients with proven or probable La Crosse Virus Encephalitis. Review of the initial MRI images of patients during hospitalization revealed findings such as leptomeningeal enhancement, involvement of the thalamus, and the basal ganglia. Additionally, distinct findings of multiple punctate foci and frequent signal abnormality of the temporal lobe mimicking HSV were noted.

A randomised controlled trial of Scanning Eye trAining as a Rehabilitation Choice for Hemianopia after stroke (SEARCH).

Background: Hemianopia is common after stroke. We aimed to evaluate clinical effectiveness of visual scanning training vs sham training, for homonymous hemianopia.

Design: Randomised controlled, parallel, double-blind, two-arm trial.

Associations of sociodemographic, clinical factors and HLA-B alleles with enthesitis and peripheral arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Objectives: Factors associated with peripheral arthritis and enthesitis, especially Achilles tendonitis and plantar fasciitis, were examined in a longitudinal cohort of 1075 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (also known as radiographic axial spondyloarthritis).

Methods: Patients were derived from the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort. Disease activity and functional indices, as well as physical examination and medications used, were measured at every study visit.

Planetary Health and Climate Action in Radiology.

Climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution are disrupting earth's biophysical systems, with adverse effects on local and global human health. Planetary health describes the inextricable link between human health and the health of earth's biophysical systems. There is urgent need for a stronger focus on planetary health among healthcare systems and radiology departments.

Generating New Meniscus Therapies via Recent Breakthroughs in Development, Model Systems, and Clinical Diagnostics.

Over 850,000 surgeries are performed to treat meniscal injuries each year in the United States. Even with repair, patients are likely to develop osteoarthritis (OA) within the next two decades. There is a pressing clinical need to improve meniscal repair procedures to restore tissue function and prevent joint degeneration later in life.

Small-diameter artery grafts engineered from pluripotent stem cells maintain 100% patency in an allogeneic rhesus macaque model.

Autologous vascular grafts, the only clinically approved option for small-diameter (<6 mm) revascularizations, require invasive harvesting and have limited availability and variable quality. To address these challenges, we develop a 3-mm-diameter artery graft by using arterial endothelial cells (AECs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). After establishing technologies for pure AEC generation and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft coating, we engineer artery grafts by seeding the inner lumen of ePTFE vascular grafts with either major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched unmodified-wild-type (MHC-WT) AECs or MHC class I/II double knockout (MHC-DKO) AECs.

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy with laromestrocel in mild Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled phase 2a trial.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, severe brain atrophy and neuroinflammation. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 2a clinical trial that tested the safety and efficacy of laromestrocel, a bone-marrow-derived, allogeneic mesenchymal stem-cell therapy, in slowing AD clinical progression, atrophy and neuroinflammation. Participants across ten centers in the United States were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1 to four infusion groups: group 1 (placebo; four monthly infusions, n = 12); group 2 (25 million cells, one infusion followed by three monthly infusions of placebo, n = 13); group 3 (25 million cells; four monthly doses, n = 13); and group 4 (100 million cells; four monthly doses, n = 11).

Drinking water plumbing systems are a hot spot for antimicrobial resistant pathogens.

Background: Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens in drinking water plumbing systems represent a significant yet underestimated public health threat.

Methods: This is the first study to use qPCR and culture-based methods to investigate the prevalence of key AMR threats, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, in Australian hospital and residential drinking water and biofilm samples.

Results: Seventy three percent of residential water and biofilm samples were qPCR positive for at least one target pathogen compared with 38% of hospital samples, and 45% of residential plumbing fixtures harboured at least two target pathogens.

Aspiration to admission: Widening access to medical education: AMEE Guide No. 181.

SERIES INTRODUCTORY ABSTRACTWidening Access, Participation and SuccessThis AMEE guide series explores three interconnected strategies for widening access, participation, and success in medical education. The series emphasises the interdependence of these areas as essential to supporting students from entry to graduation. Each guide in the series addresses a specific phase of the student journey, from the first steps of widening access, through enhancing participation during their studies, to supporting their ultimate success.

Adoption of Nutrition and Physical Activity Best Practices in the Early Care and Education Setting: Examination of Differences Between Centers and Family Child Care Homes.

Early childhood interventions that support the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors are key to ensuring equitable health outcomes later in life. The aim of this article is to assess the extent to which early care and education (ECE) sites adopt best practices to support healthy diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors and whether adoption differs between centers and family child care homes (FCCHs). The study is a cross-sectional analysis of best practices at Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed)-eligible child care centers ( = 76) and FCCHs ( = 47) in California.

Validating the Genus Pocheina (Acrasidae, Heterolobosea, Discoba) Leads to the Recognition of Three Major Lineages Within Acrasidae.

Pocheina and Acrasis are two genera of heterolobosean sorocarpic amoebae within Acrasidae that have historically been considered close relatives. The two genera were differentiated based on their differing fruiting body morphologies. The validity of this taxonomic distinction was challenged when a SSU rRNA phylogenetic study placed an isolate morphologically identified as "Pocheina" rosea within a clade of Acrasis rosea isolates.

Evaluation of Aldosterone Suppression by Cinnarizine, a Putative Cav1.3 Inhibitor.

Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is commonly caused by somatic mutations of CACNA1D encoding Cav1.3, one of the four L-type calcium channels. The over-the-counter drug, cinnarizine, fits the Cav1.

Underutilized treatments for patients with refractory cancer pain: a qualitative study assessing the use of intrathecal drug delivery devices in the United Kingdom compared to alternative treatments in cancer pain management.

Objectives: This research aims to better delineate how intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) are incorporated into the oncology care continuum and highlight the need for further awareness of interventional options for pain management of cancer patients in the United Kingdom. The study focuses on exploring the knowledge, perspectives, and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding IDDS as a treatment option for managing chronic refractory pain in cancer patients.

Methodology: A thematic coding using inductive analysis was employed to achieve the research objectives.

Associations between initial dialysis access types and death from dialysis withdrawal in incident patients with kidney failure.

Background: Patients receiving haemodialysis via a central venous catheter (HD-CVC) have been shown to have an increased risk of all-cause mortality. It is unclear whether death from dialysis withdrawal is associated with the high mortality risk observed in patients initiated on HD-CVC.

Methods: Using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, we examined the association between initial dialysis access [HD-CVC, haemodialysis via arteriovenous fistula (HD-AVF), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) via PD catheter (PD-PDC)] and death from dialysis withdrawal in adult patients starting dialysis in Australia between 2005 and 2022, analysed by time-stratified adjusted Cox regression with propensity score-matched cohorts.

Host ecology and phylogeny shape the temporal dynamics of social bee viromes.

The composition of viral communities (i.e. viromes) can be dynamic and complex.

Digital HIV information seeking and willingness to use a smartphone application for PrEP care among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia, United States.

Georgia has one of the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses in the United States, while rates of PrEP uptake are among the lowest. This study examines the association between seeking digital HIV information and willingness to use smartphone applications (app) for PrEP resources and services among people who inject drugs (PWID) living in northeast Georgia. Data were collected from adult HIV-negative PWID who reported using the internet (N = 130).

UB iSDoH Scale--A Measure of Students' Skills Related to Social Determinants of Health and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice.

Identification and mitigation of health barriers associated with social determinants of health (SDoH) is an increasingly recognized as an important component of healthcare provided by interprofessional teams. However, valid and reliable tools for assessing healthcare provider SDoH competency are lacking. This study describes the development of the University at Buffalo interprofessional SDoH scale (UB iSDoH scale) and examines its psychometric properties.

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis provides insights into the etiology of heart failure and its subtypes.

Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While distinct clinical subtypes, defined by etiology and left ventricular ejection fraction, are well recognized, their genetic determinants remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study of HF and its subtypes in a sample of 1.

A Large-Scale Genome-wide Association Study of Blood Pressure Accounting for Gene-Depressive Symptomatology Interactions in 564,680 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Background Gene-environment interactions may enhance our understanding of hypertension. Our previous study highlighted the importance of considering psychosocial factors in gene discovery for blood pressure (BP) but was limited in statistical power and population diversity. To address these challenges, we conducted a multi-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BP accounting for gene-depressive symptomatology (DEPR) interactions in a larger and more diverse sample.

Visualising the voices of nursing: a co-designed video capturing the lived experiences of nurses in Northern Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Nurses were at the forefront of managing the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, the Royal College of Nursing in Northern Ireland commissioned a longitudinal qualitative survey using the Cognitive Edge SenseMaker tool to capture nurses' experiences of delivering care from April 2020 to March 2021.

Aim: To explore the effect of a co-designed video based on the findings of SenseMaker, of the lived experience of nurses in Northern Ireland during the 2020/2021 global pandemic.

Molecular Imaging Versus Adrenal Vein Sampling for the Detection of Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism : A Prospective Within-Patient Trial.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes hypertension and is potentially surgically curable when it is caused by a unilateral aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (APA). Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to guide surgery, but it is invasive, is technically difficult, and has limited availability.

Objective: To determine whether the accuracy of post-dexamethasone [C]metomidate ([C]MTO) positron emission tomography-computed tomography, a diagnostic test for APAs, is superior or noninferior to the accuracy of AVS in predicting outcomes from unilateral adrenalectomy, and whether [C]MTO is interchangeable with its longer-half-life analogue, para-chloro-2-[F]fluoroethyletomidate ([F]CETO).

Coordinated macrophage and T cell interactions mediate response to checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer.

Mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), either due to inherited or somatic mutation, is prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers. While anti-PD-1 therapy is utilized in both local and advanced disease, up to 50% of MMRd CRC fail to respond. Using animal and human models of MMRd, we determined that interactions between MHC+ C1Q+ CXCL9+ macrophages and TCF+ BHLHE40+ PRF1+ T cell subsets are associated with control of MMRd tumor growth, during anti-PD-1 treatment.