Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Changes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Two independent reviewers searched the electronic databases (MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Scopus, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) from inception until April 2023.

Correlation Between Coronary and Retinal Microangiopathy in Patients With STEMI.

Purpose: To investigate the morphological and functional correlation between microvascular retinal changes in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the microvascular coronary circulation in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: A total of 330 eyes from 165 participants (88 cases and 77 controls) were enrolled and imaged. Superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vascular density was measured in the central (1 mm) and perifoveal (1-3 mm) areas and in the superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and choriocapillaris (3 mm).

Molecular Biologic Milieu in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Literature Review.

Multiple lines of evidence support an immunologic response along with inflammation to be implicated in the pathophysiology of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the signaling molecules in the vitreous and subretinal fluid (SRF) involved in these processes. A detailed literature search was performed in PubMed database until November 2021.

Correlation Between Central Corneal Thickness and Radial Peripapillary Capillary Density, in Patients With Ocular Hypertension.

Purpose To investigate any possible relationship between the central corneal thickness and the radial peripapillary capillary density detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in eyes with ocular hypertension. Materials and methods In this observational study, 135 eyes were examined. OCT angiography of the optic disc (4.

Morphometric analysis of fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments treated with ranibizumab and aflibercept.

Purpose: To assess fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments (PED) and their response to two different anti-VEGF agents using optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphometric analysis.

Methods: Seventy-three consecutive, treatment-naïve eyes with fibrovascular PED (>125 μm) treated with ranibizumab or aflibercept were retrospectively included. A custom-made software was used to manually segment and calculate PED maximum height, base area, volume and internal reflectivity at baseline, after three injections and 1 year.

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Retinal pigment epithelial detachment is defined as a separation of the retinal pigment epithelium from the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane. It is a common manifestation in both dry and wet types of age-related macular degeneration. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the pathophysiology, clinical and imaging characteristics, natural course and treatment of the various types of pigment epithelial detachments in order to assist in diagnosis and management of this important feature of age-related macular degeneration.

Trapped Pre-Macular Bubble of Octafluoropropane Gas Masquerading as Retained Submacular Perfluorocarbon Liquid.

Introduction: To demonstrate, with the aid of retinal imaging, an abnormal post-operative macular appearance caused by the presence of a "fragmented" pre-retinal bubble of octafluoropropane (CF) masquerading as retained subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL).

Methods: This is an interventional case presentation.

Results: Colour fundus photography high-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and clinical progress demonstrate that the abnormal reflex was caused by the presence of a small fragment of CF becoming lodged at the pre-foveal area.

NOTCH3 and CADASIL syndrome: a genetic and structural overview.

CADASIL syndrome is a rare disease that belongs to a group of disorders called leukodystrophies. It is well established that NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19 is primarily responsible for the development of the CADASIL syndrome. Herein, an attempt is made to shed light on the actual molecular mechanism underlying CADASIL syndrome, through insights extracted from comprehensive evolutionary studies and in silico modelling on Notch 3 protein.

Home-based visual field test for glaucoma screening comparison with Humphrey perimeter.

Purpose: To present a home-based visual field examination method using a PC monitor or virtual reality glasses and evaluate the reliability of the method by comparing the results with those of the Humphrey perimeter, in order to assess the possibility of glaucoma screening through the Internet.

Materials And Methods: Software implementing a supra-threshold algorithm for the central 24° (52 points) of visual field at three threshold levels: 1) -4 db, 2) -8 db, and 3) -12 db, from the age-expected sensitivity was used for the purpose of testing. The software uses the web camera as a "virtual photometer" in order to detect room luminosity and allows self-testing using a computer monitor or virtual reality glasses using an Android smartphone with a 6-inch display.

Tectonic epikeratoplasty with ethanol-stored donor corneas.

To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of tectonic epikeratoplasty with use of ethanol-preserved corneal grafts for the management of perforated corneal melts. The present retrospective case series includes 10 eyes which underwent tectonic epikeratoplasty for perforated corneal melts. The stromal remainders of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) graft preparation were stored in 95% ethanol and used as emergency tectonic grafts for restoring globe integrity after sterile and infectious perforated corneal melts.

Strabismus surgery for diplopia in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia.

Background: To report midterm outcomes of strabismus strategy for management of diplopia in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and specific surgical planning rationale.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Results: Two patients, a 26-year-old male and a 36-year-old female, diagnosed with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia presented with blepharoptosis and intermittent diplopia.

Acute ocular pain during magnetic resonance imaging due to retained intraocular metallic foreign body: the role of ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in diagnosis and management of this condition.

Purpose: To report the case of a 65-year-old metalworker with no known history of ocular trauma, who suffered from intense ocular pain during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, due to a retained intraocular metallic foreign body (IOFB).

Case Report: Meticulous ophthalmological examination was inconclusive. An IOFB was confirmed with X-ray scan, whereas its exact localization was enabled by means of ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

HCV genetics and genotypes dictate future antiviral strategies.

At the end of the 1980s, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned and formally identified as the cause of the majority of non-A and non-B hepatitis cases. Today, around 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV, making it five times more common than infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several methods exist which mediate the spread of infection.

"Double scleral tunnel in tandem" technique for glaucoma drainage tube implants.

Purpose: To describe a new technique of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with refractory glaucoma and present the long-term results.

Methods: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with refractory glaucoma participated in the study. "Double scleral tunnel in tandem" technique was used for glaucoma valve implantation in all patients.

Optical Coherence Tomography Evolution in a Case of X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis: 15 Years of Follow-Up.

Purpose: We present the evolution of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) in a male patient using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a long-term follow-up time of 15 years.

Case Description: A 10-year-old male patient presented at the Medical Retina Department of our hospital complaining for blurred vision in both eyes. At the initial presentation in 2001, his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/12 in both eyes on the Snellen chart.

Uveal Melanoma: and Mutations in a Greek Population.

Background/aim: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary adult intraocular malignancy. It is known to have a strong metastatic potential, fatal for the vast majority of patients. In recent years, meticulous cytogenetic and molecular profiling has led to precise prognostication, that unfortunately is not matched by advancements in adjuvant therapies.

Multimodal imaging of hypertensive chorioretinopathy by swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography: Case report.

Rationale: To investigate malignant hypertension ocular lesions with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Patient Concerns: Visual loss due to malignant hypertension.

Diagnoses: Hypertensive chorioretinopathy.

Iris cysts: A comprehensive review on diagnosis and treatment.

Iris cysts, both primary and secondary, are a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Primary cysts arise either from the iris pigment epithelium or the iris stroma. Posterior pigment epithelial cysts are subdivided according to their location as central, midzonal, and peripheral.

BAX and BCL2 Gene Polymorphisms in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association between rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and BAX and BCL2 polymorphisms.

Methods: This is a case control study of 99 patients with RRD and 120 healthy control subjects of Greek origin, surveyed for BAX and BCL2 polymorphisms (rs2279115 and rs4645878) and a potential correlation to RRD.

Results: The rs4645878 AA genotype was found to be significantly associated with RRD (p = 0.

Visual field examination method using virtual reality glasses compared with the Humphrey perimeter.

Purpose: To present a visual field examination method using virtual reality glasses and evaluate the reliability of the method by comparing the results with those of the Humphrey perimeter.

Materials And Methods: Virtual reality glasses, a smartphone with a 6 inch display, and software that implements a fast-threshold 3 dB step staircase algorithm for the central 24° of visual field (52 points) were used to test 20 eyes of 10 patients, who were tested in a random and consecutive order as they appeared in our glaucoma department. The results were compared with those obtained from the same patients using the Humphrey perimeter.

A Pilot Study on Ocular Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab as an Antifibrotic Agent After Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a multifunctional, proinflammatory cytokine that mediates pleiotropic biological functions, especially inflammation and immunoregulation. We hypothesized that blocking TNF-α with a monoclonal antibody would decrease inflammation and subconjunctival scarring in an animal model of experimental filtration surgery.

Methods: In a randomized, prospective, masked-observer study, 30 New Zealand albino rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery.

Incidence and Evolution of Subretinal Precipitates in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy.

Purpose: To study the evolution of subretinal precipitates coexistent with optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy from their appearance at baseline examination until their absorption after successful treatment.

Methods: Participants in this retrospective, multicenter study were 42 patients with ODP maculopathy, in whom complete ocular examination was performed, including visual acuity (VA) measurement, slit-lamp examination, color or red-free fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography at baseline after surgical treatment.

Results: Out of 42 cases, 17 (40.

Unilateral Recession-Resection Surgery for Infantile Esotropia: Survival of Motor Outcomes and Postoperative Drifts.

Purpose: To outline the short- and long-term motor outcomes of unilateral medial rectus muscle recession and lateral rectus muscle resection for the correction of moderate angle infantile esotropia.

Methods: A retrospective study of 109 consecutive patients with moderate angle infantile esotropia treated with graded unilateral recession-resection surgery. Criteria for successful motor outcome included alignment ±10Δ from orthophoria.

Supradescemetic voriconazole injection for Candida parapsilosis keratitis.

Purpose: To describe a technique for intracorneal application of voriconazole into the supradescemetic space in a case of deep recalcitrant Candida parapsilosis keratitis of a penetrating cornea graft.

Methods: A deep intracorneal incision reaching the center of the corneal infiltrate was created with a 20-gauge MVR blade. Then, a 27-gauge hydrodissection cannula was inserted deep into the corneal pocket, and 0.