Referential transparency of verbs in child-directed input by Japanese and American caregivers.

Children acquiring Japanese differ from those acquiring English with regard to the rate at which verbs are learned (Fernald & Morikawa, ). One possible explanation is that Japanese caregivers use verbs in referentially transparent contexts, which facilitate the form-meaning link. We examined this hypothesis by assessing differences in verb usage by Japanese and American caregivers during dyadic play with their infants (5-22 months).

Cognitive causes of 'like me' race and gender biases in human language production.

Natural language contains and communicates social biases, often reflecting attitudes, prejudices and stereotypes. Here we provide evidence for a novel psychological pathway for the expression of such biases, in which they arise as a consequence of the automatized mechanisms by which humans retrieve words to produce sentences. Four experiments show that, when describing events, speakers tend to mention people who are more like them first and, thus, tend to highlight the perspectives of their own social groups.

Public Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Active Tuberculosis Disease or Infection Among Children in South Africa.

Background: Although tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of global childhood mortality, there remain major gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in children because tuberculosis control programs rely predominantly on presentation of symptomatic children or contact tracing. We assessed the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of age-based routine screening and contact tracing in children in South Africa.

Methods: We used a deterministic mathematical model to evaluate age-based routine screening in 1-year increments from ages 0 to 5 years, with and without contact tracing and preventive treatment.

Genetic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in large, asymptomatic military cohorts.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the U.S. military and competitive athletes.

Transformational Impact on Direct Care Nurses' Supporting the Magnet Site Visit.

Exposure to strategic project and workforce preparation for nursing excellence throughout organizational American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet journeys has been observed as positively impacting the escort nurse's personal goal setting and achievement beyond the site visit. This article describes a project undertaken to capture the characteristics of staff nurses serving as Magnet escorts for hospital site visits. The positive relationship of that experience on goal setting and future workplace volunteerism for projects is presented.

Structured, supported feeding admissions for restrictive eating disorders on paediatric wards.

Background: Restrictive eating disorders in young people are increasingly requiring admission to the hospital and can be a challenge to manage on acute general paediatric wards.

Methods: We have developed a joint working model with Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS) using short, structured, supported feeding admissions to supplement outpatient treatment in high risk or 'stuck' cases.

Results: We have successfully managed the majority of young people in the community avoiding lengthy, expensive, specialist CAMHS eating disorder inpatient unit admissions (tier 4).

The impact of receiving a diagnosis of Non-Epileptic Attack Disorder (NEAD): A systematic review.

Background: Clinicians have reported observations of the immediate cessation of non-epileptic attacks after the diagnosis of NEAD is presented.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the impact of receiving a diagnosis of NEAD.

Search Strategy: A literature search across the databases Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL, and additional hand searching, identified six original studies meeting criteria for the review.

A statewide collaborative initiative to improve the quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Background: To enhance quality improvement, we created a unique statewide collaboration among 3 organizations: the Virginia Health Quality Center (Virginia's Medicare Quality Improvement Organization), the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Association. The goal was to improve discharge measures for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Methods And Results: In 2004, 29 hospitals participated in the collaborative initiative.

Implementation of a continuous quality improvement program for percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiac surgery at a large community hospital.

Background: Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is widely used in other industries and has been promoted as a method for quality control in medicine. The national databases developed by the American College of Cardiology and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons have greatly facilitated data collection for CQI. Hospitals can encounter barriers to CQI, however, which include creating the proper organizational infrastructure and engaging physicians and hospital administrators in the process.

Long-term functional outcomes and academic-occupational status in implanted children after 10 to 14 years of cochlear implant use.

Objectives: To assess a group of consecutively implanted children over 10 years after implantation with regard to implant device use and function, speech perception, and speech intelligibility outcomes; and to document current academic or occupational status.

Study Design: A prospective longitudinal study assessing device function, device use, speech perception, speech intelligibility, and academic/occupational status of implanted deaf children.

Setting: Pediatric tertiary referral center for cochlear implantation.

Pharmacology and gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: An integrated study.

Background And Aims: Lumiracoxib is a structurally novel, acidic selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. We coordinated existing methodologies in a single study to evaluate potency, selectivity, and effect on the human gastrointestinal tract.

Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects (aged 18-45 years, 12 female) received high dose lumiracoxib (800 mg every day), standard dose naproxen (500 mg twice a day), or placebo for 8 days in a double-blind randomized crossover study.

Relationship of Campylobacter toxigenicity in vitro to the development of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.

Campylobacter enteritis is associated with a significant risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome, but the mechanism is unknown. This study ascertained bowel symptoms in 93 patients 3 months after Campylobacter jejuni enteritis infection. The infecting organisms were cultured, and the effects of culture supernatants on toxin-sensitive epithelial cell monolayers (HEp-2, Green monkey kidney epithelial [Vero], and CHO-K1) were investigated.

Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in intact and ulcerated human gastric mucosa.

Background: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes angiogenesis and healing of gastric ulcers in rats, and bFGF expression is up regulated in such ulcers. However, little is known about expression of bFGF in human gastric mucosa.

Aims: To investigate bFGF expression in intact human gastric mucosa and gastric ulcers and to determine whether low bFGF content or altered binding by mucosa is associated with ulceration.

Healing with basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with reduced indomethacin induced relapse in a human model of gastric ulceration.

Background: Acid stable basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes angiogenesis and healing of gastric ulcers in rats and reduces subsequent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced relapse.

Aims: To test in a double blind, placebo controlled, three way crossover study whether bFGF promotes healing and reduces subsequent relapse in a human model of gastric ulceration.

Subjects: Twelve healthy volunteers.

TIMP-3 mRNA expression is regionally increased in moderately and poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma.

In this study, we report on the distribution of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) mRNA expression in human normal colorectal mucosa, adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Northern blot analysis showed five TIMP-3 mRNA transcripts to be present in normal mucosal epithelium and in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinoma. Adenomas and well-differentiated carcinomas were not examined in this part of the investigation.

Isolation and culture of human gastric endothelial cells.

Background & Aims: Angiogenesis plays an important role in gastric ulcer healing. Considerable heterogeneity exists between endothelial cells from different blood vessels in vitro. Hitherto, it has not been possible to study gastric angiogenesis using relevant endothelial cells.

Genetic structures associated with spread of the type Ia trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene amongst Escherichia coli strains isolated in the Nottingham area of the United Kingdom.

DNA probes for specific integrase genes were used to study 122 R plasmids encoding the predominant trimethoprim-insusceptible type Ia dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) found in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. The predominance of the type Ia DHFR was thought to result from the location of its gene on transposon Tn7, but of trimethoprim R plasmids carrying this gene that were collected between 1978 and 1983, between 1987 and 1988, and during 1992, only 49/60 (81.6%), 30/43 (69.

A survey of intestinal parasites in rural children.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a group of rural, economically disadvantaged children. Thirty-four percent of 108 children were found to have a clinically significant parasite. The most common organism was Giardia lamblia (22 percent).

Rubella seroconversion following immunization in a rural practice.

One hundred two consecutive patients with verifiable immunization to rubella were studied in a rural West Virginia county. Hemagglutination Inhibiting (HI) antibody titres, age at immunization, and elapsed time since immunization were recorded. Twenty-three (22.