Selective and Stepwise Functionalization of the Pyridazine Scaffold by Using Thio-Substituted Pyridazine Building Blocks.

We described a regioselective tri- and tetra-functionalization of the pyridazine scaffold using two readily available building blocks: 3-alkylthio-6-chloropyridazine and 3,4-bis(methylthio)-6-chloropyridazine by performing selective metalations with TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl and catalyst-tuned cross-coupling reactions with arylzinc halides. Several of the resulting pyridazines were converted into more elaborated N-heterocycles such as thieno[2,3-c]pyridazines and 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridazines.

CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice.

In cereals, the root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots, named crown roots. The CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) transcription factor, belonging to the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (ASL/LBD) family, is a key regulator of crown root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that CRL1 can bind, both in vitro and in vivo, not only the LBD-box, a DNA sequence recognized by several ASL/LBD transcription factors, but also another not previously identified DNA motif that was named CRL1-box.

Distinct Mineralogy and Age of Individual Lava Flows in Atla Regio, Venus Derived From Magellan Radar Emissivity.

NASA's Magellan mission revealed that many Venus highlands exhibit low radar emissivity values at higher altitudes. This phenomenon is ascribed to the presence of minerals having high dielectric constants, produced or stabilized by temperature-dependent chemical weathering between the rocks and the atmosphere. Some large volcanoes on Venus have multiple reductions of radar emissivity at varying altitudes.

Variations in the radiophysical properties of tesserae and mountain belts on Venus: Classification and mineralogical trends.

Numerous studies show that major Venus highlands display anomalously high radar reflectivity and low radar emissivity relative to the planetary average. This is thought to be the result of the formation of minerals having high dielectric constants via weathering reactions occurring between the surface and the deep atmosphere in these elevated terrains, where temperatures are lower. These reactions are a function of rock composition, atmospheric composition, and degree of weathering, or age.

Low radar emissivity signatures on Venus volcanoes and coronae: New insights on relative composition and age.

Multiple studies reveal that most of Venus highlands exhibit anomalously high radar reflectivity and low radar emissivity relative to the lowlands. This phenomenon is thought to be the result of atmosphere-surface interactions in the highlands, due to lower temperatures. These reactions are a function of rock composition, atmospheric composition, and degree of weathering.

Association of environmental markers with childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by a long questionnaire on early life exposures and lifestyle in a case-control study.

Background: The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is rising in many countries, supposedly because of changing environmental factors, which are yet largely unknown. The purpose of the study was to unravel environmental markers associated with T1D.

Methods: Cases were children with T1D from the French Isis-Diab cohort.

Computer-assisted study of the axial orientation and distances between renovisceral arteries ostia.

Purpose: Endovascular navigation in aortic, renal and visceral procedures are based on precise knowledge of arterial anatomy. Our aim was to define the anatomical localization of the ostia of renovisceral arteries and their distribution to establish anatomical landmarks for endovascular catheterization.

Methods: Computer-assisted measurements performed on 55 CT scans and patients features (age, sex, aortic diameter) were analyzed.

Vascular graft infection due to Pasteurella multocida.

Background: Vascular graft infections are infrequent complications with important morbidity and mortality rates. Pasteurella multocida, a Gram negative bacillus, is a normal oral commensal of many animals. For mankind, it is a pathogenous bacillus which is rarely implicated in vascular grafts.

[Monitoring network for vulnerable children in the Pays de la Loire ("Grandir ensemble" - Cohort LIFT): 10 years of activity 2003-2013].

Introduction: Vulnerable children are at-risk newborns including premature infants and some children with pathologies presented by fear anomalies and deficiencies, most particularly neurological. Monitoring is based on the detection of these abnormalities and their early management. The organization of this monitoring system is based on a network of doctors, mostly pediatricians, trained regularly.

Inter-observer variability in sizing fenestrated and/or branched aortic stent-grafts.

Background: Several studies have examined inter-observer variability in measurements for standard EVAR, but little is known about measurements for complex aortic aneurysm.

Methods: Two independent observers reviewed all preoperative CT scans of 268 patients in a French trial of fenestrated and/or branched aortic stent-grafts (f/b-EVAR). Those data were compared with those obtained (1) by investigators (extent of aneurysm, target vessel stenosis, and aortic diameters), and (2) from manufacturers (proximal landing zone, device diameter, and target vessel position).

Anatomic feasibility of endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in emergency in the era of the chimney technique: impact on an emergency endovascular kit.

Background: Despite promising results, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of ruptured/painful abdominal aortic aneurysms (RPAAA) continues to have limited use due to anatomic constraints linked to RPAAA morphology. Currently, EVAR for RPAAA is reserved for patients presenting with a long infrarenal aortic neck, because commercially available fenestrated stent grafts are not available in an emergency setting. Recently, the chimney technique (ChT) has been utilized to treat infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with short necks, but this technique requires specific materials.

[Duration of breastfeeding from 15 maternity wards of the perinatal network in the Pays de la Loire area].

The "sécurité naissance - naître ensemble" network in the Pays de la Loire region of France, with 24 maternity units, conducted a survey of nursing women to determine the duration of breastfeeding and to study the factors influencing this practice. Phone calls were made to mothers at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months or until weaning. The statistical methods used were the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method with the calculation of the median duration of breastfeeding (exclusive or partial) in weeks, and the Cox multivariate model.

New bacteriological patterns in primary infected aorto-iliac aneurysms: a single-centre experience.

Objectives: To assess causative pathogens and surgical outcomes in patients with primary infected aorto-iliac aneurysms at our institution.

Design: Retrospective study of patients treated at a university hospital between 1992 and 2009.

Results: We identified 26 patients (median age, 63 years) with primary infected aneurysms on the aorta (descending thoracic, n = 2; thoraco-abdominal, n = 3; suprarenal, n = 2; infrarenal, n = 15) or iliac arteries (n = 4).

p.H62L, a rare mutation of the CYP21 gene identified in two forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Context: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common enzymatic defect causing congenital adrenal hyperplasia with good genotype/phenotype relationships for common mutations. To determine the severity of rare mutations is essential for genetic counseling and better understanding of the structure-function of the cytochrome P450c21.

Objective: The p.

[Gravely ill newborns (excluding greatly premature) in 1986 and 1995 in three deparments of Pays de la Loire].

Aim: Evaluation of the progress in the treatment of seriously ill newborn infants under hospital care over the nine-year period from 1986 to 1995 in three departments of the Pays de la Loire region in France.

Population And Methods: The category of seriously ill newborn infants included only infants born after at least 32 weeks of gestation and having a Cullen severity score higher than 2. The two groups of seriously ill newborn infants at risk in 1986 and 1995 were first compared to a control group of healthy newborn babies delivered during the same years.

[Fetal and neonatal mortality from 22 weeks of amenorrhea in the Loire area].

Background: The Pays de Loire has a low perinatal mortality indicators among French regions but this could be due to under-notification.

Objects: To explore this hypothesis we undertook a survey in order to identify all fetal and neonatal deaths occurring at a gestionnal age of 22 weeks or more. We also tried to examine and analyze the causes of death.

[Evaluation of perinatal policy. Result of a survey about birth in Pays de Loire].

A survey was undertaken in 3 French departments of the Pays de Loire from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1986. Among the 32,876 neonate (NN) population, the authors studied the 2,753 NN who were hospitalized and a control group of 1,458 NN representative of the population of 30,123 NN who were not hospitalized. Socioeconomic patterns of mothers, of their pregnancies and deliveries were studied in both groups.