Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Sexual Assault Survivors.

Background: Emergency department (ED) encounters are often the only healthcare provider encounter for patients seeking care after a reported sexual assault (SA), making the encounter a crucial opportunity to connect patients to support services in the community. An opportunity existed at an urban Level II trauma center to standardize SA discharge planning.

Aims: This quality improvement project aimed to improve access to SA support services.

Discriminatory Ability of Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Predict Prognosis.

Background: Rapid diagnostic and prognostic tests for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently required. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Between February and May 2021, we took 1 breath sample for analysis using GC-IMS from participants who were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, participants who were admitted to the hospital for other respiratory infections, and symptom-free controls, at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom.

Poa annua: An annual species?

As the Latin name annua implies, the species Poa annua L. is thought to have an annual life cycle. Yet, there are many reports in literature of P.

Genome-wide association analyses highlight etiological differences underlying newly defined subtypes of diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes has been reproducibly clustered into five subtypes with different disease progression and risk of complications; however, etiological differences are unknown. We used genome-wide association and genetic risk score (GRS) analysis to compare the underlying genetic drivers. Individuals from the Swedish ANDIS (All New Diabetics In Scania) study were compared to individuals without diabetes; the Finnish DIREVA (Diabetes register in Vasa) and Botnia studies were used for replication.

Modeling seasonal emergence of Poa annua in urban greenspace.

Turfgrasses are perennial components of urban greenspaces found in parks, recreational areas, golf courses, sports fields, and lawns that confer many ecosystem services. A copious seed producer, Poa annua is the most troublesome weed of turfgrass and continually threatens the ecosystem services provided by urban greenspaces. Field research was conducted in Knoxville, TN to better understand environmental conditions triggering P.

Identification of two Eleusine indica (goosegrass) biotypes of cool-season turfgrass resistant to dithiopyr.

Background: Turfgrass managers reported poor Eleusine indica control following applications of the mitosis-inhibiting herbicide dithiopyr in cool-season turfgrass. Field, glasshouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted to understand the response of these biotypes to dithiopyr and prodiamine.

Results: In field experiments at two locations with putative dithiopyr-resistant E.

Oncogenic Ras expression increases cellular formate production.

One-carbon units, critical intermediates for cell growth, may be produced by a variety of means, one of which is via the production of formate. Excessive formate accumulation, known as formate overflow and a characteristic of oxidative cancer, has been observed in cancer cells. However, the basis for this high rate of formate production is unknown.

Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is often associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome. Despite its prevalence and the importance of early diagnosis, there is a lack of robustly validated biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression in response to a given treatment. In this Review, we provide an overview of the contribution of metabolomics and lipidomics in clinical studies to identify biomarkers associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Reduced Shmt2 Expression Impairs Mitochondrial Folate Accumulation and Respiration, and Leads to Uracil Accumulation in Mouse Mitochondrial DNA.

Background: Adequate cellular thymidylate (dTMP) pools are essential for preservation of nuclear and mitochondrial genome stability. Previous studies have indicated that disruption in nuclear dTMP synthesis leads to increased uracil misincorporation into DNA, affecting genome stability. To date, the effects of impaired mitochondrial dTMP synthesis in nontransformed tissues have been understudied.

Environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides for postemergence goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control.

Experiments were conducted to understand environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides used to control goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.).

Histidine Metabolism and Function.

Histidine is a dietary essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in humans. The WHO/FAO requirement for adults for histidine is 10 mg · kg body weight-1 · d-1. Histidine is required for synthesis of proteins.

Plasma Formate Is Greater in Fetal and Neonatal Rats Compared with Their Mothers.

Background: Formate can be incorporated into 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-THF), which is a substrate for purine synthesis, and after further reduction of the one-carbon group, may be used as a substrate for thymidylate synthesis and for homocysteine remethylation.

Objective: We examined plasma formate concentrations and the expression of genes involved in the production and utilization of formate in fetal and neonatal rats and in pregnant and virgin female rats.

Methods: In 1 experiment, plasma formate was measured by GC-MS in rats aged 1-56 d.

Formate and its role in amino acid metabolism.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this report is to examine critical relationships between amino acid and formate metabolism with particular reference to the production of formate, and to review novel functions of formate.

Recent Findings: In addition to well established mechanisms in one-carbon metabolism, formate may play an important role in early pregnancy by preventing the onset of neural tube defects in sensitive strains of mice, including mice with deficiencies in MTHFD1L, the glycine cleavage system and the mitochondrial folate transporter. Markedly elevated, circulating levels of formate are found in late pregnancy, including in cord blood, as well as elevated levels of amino acid precursors.

Loss of ZnT8 function protects against diabetes by enhanced insulin secretion.

A rare loss-of-function allele p.Arg138* in SLC30A8 encoding the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), which is enriched in Western Finland, protects against type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited relatives of the identified carriers and showed that protection was associated with better insulin secretion due to enhanced glucose responsiveness and proinsulin conversion, particularly when compared with individuals matched for the genotype of a common T2D-risk allele in SLC30A8, p.

Formate concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy and in cord blood in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women: relations to genetic polymorphisms and plasma metabolites.

Background: One-carbon metabolism, responsible for purine and thymidylate synthesis and transmethylation reactions, plays a critical role in embryonic and fetal development. Formate is a key player in one-carbon metabolism. In contrast to other one-carbon metabolites, it is not linked to tetrahydrofolate, is present in plasma at appreciable concentrations, and may therefore be distributed to different tissues.

The impact of common genetic variants in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system on relevant metabolites.

The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is a complex of four enzymes enabling glycine to serve as a source of one-carbon units to the cell. We asked whether concentrations of glycine, dimethylglycine, formate, and serine in blood are influenced by variation within GCS genes in a sample of young, healthy individuals. Fifty-two variants tagging (r < 0.

Lifestyle, metabolite, and genetic determinants of formate concentrations in a cross-sectional study in young, healthy adults.

Background: Formate is an important metabolite that serves as a donor of one-carbon groups to the intracellular tetrahydrofolate pool. However, little is known of its circulating concentrations or of their determinants.

Objective: This study aimed to define formate concentrations and their determinants in a healthy young population.

Cobalamin Deficiency Results in Increased Production of Formate Secondary to Decreased Mitochondrial Oxidation of One-Carbon Units in Rats.

Background: Formate is produced in mitochondria via the catabolism of serine, glycine, dimethylglycine, and sarcosine. Formate produced by mitochondria may be incorporated into the cytosolic folate pool where it can be used for important biosynthetic reactions. Previous studies from our lab have shown that cobalamin deficiency results in increased plasma formate concentrations.

Several Pesticides Influence the Nutritional Content of Sweet Corn.

Herbicides are pesticides used to eradicate unwanted plants in both crop and non-crop environments. These chemistries are toxic to weeds due to inhibition of key enzymes or disruption of essential biochemical processes required for weedy plants to survive. Crops can survive systemic herbicidal applications through various forms of detoxification, including metabolism that can be enhanced by safeners.

Genotypic and phenotypic evaluation of off-type grasses in hybrid Bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers. x Burtt-Davy] putting greens using genotyping-by-sequencing and morphological characterization.

Background: Interspecific hybrid bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers. x Burtt-Davy] is one of the most widely used grasses on golf courses, with cultivars derived from 'Tifgreen' or 'Tifdwarf' particularly used for putting greens.

Physiological levels of formate activate mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide release from mouse liver mitochondria.

Here, we found that formate, an essential one-carbon metabolite, activates superoxide (O2·-)/hydrogen peroxide (H O ) release from mitochondria. Sodium formate (30 μm) induces a significant increase in O2·-/H O production in liver mitochondria metabolizing pyruvate (50 μm). At concentrations deemed to be toxic, formate does not increase O2·-/H O production further.

Riboflavin Deficiency in Rats Decreases de novo Formate Production but Does Not Affect Plasma Formate Concentration.

The one-carbon metabolism pathway is highly dependent on a number of B vitamins in order to provide one-carbon units for purine and thymidylate biosynthesis as well as homocysteine remethylation. Previous studies have examined folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency and their effects on formate metabolism; as of yet, to our knowledge, no studies on the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism have been published. Our objective was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism.