Revisiting "Excited Delirium": Does the Diagnosis Reflect and Promote Racial Bias?

Introduction: "Excited delirium" (ExD) is purported to represent a certain type of agitated state that can lead to unexpected death. The 2009 "White Paper Report on Excited Delirium Syndrome," authored by the American College of Emergency Medicine (ACEP) Excited Delirium Task Force, continues to play a pivotal role in defining ExD. Since that report was produced, there has been an increasing appreciation that the label has been applied more often to Black people.

Survey of parental willingness to pay and willingness to stay for "painless" intravenous catheter placement.

Objectives: This study examined how much parents are willing to pay and/or willing to stay to make their child's intravenous (IV) catheter placement painless.

Methods: A prospective survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered to a consecutive sample of parents presenting to an emergency department (ED). Eligible subjects were parents accompanying a child 8 years of age or younger.