Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD in the Pediatric Population.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood with approximately 6 million children (age 3 to 17 years) ever diagnosed based on data from 2016-2019. ADHD is characterized by a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms that interferes with development or functioning. Specific criteria from the assist with the diagnosis with multiple guidelines available providing non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in the pediatric population.

Crizanlizumab for the Prevention of Vaso-Occlusive Pain Crises in Sickle Cell Disease.

To review the efficacy and safety of crizanlizumab (Adakveo) in the prevention of vaso-occlusive pain crises in sickle cell disease. An English-language literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid (1946 to January 2021) was completed using the terms crizanlizumab, SEG101, SelG1, and sickle cell disease. Manufacturer prescribing information, article bibliographies, and data from clinicaltrials.

Onasemnogene Abeparvovec-xioi: Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi (Zolgensma) in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Data Sources: An English-language literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid (1946 to December 2019) was completed using the terms , and . Manufacturer prescribing information, article bibliographies, and data from ClinicalTrials.

A survey of pediatric degree option program graduates in a doctor of pharmacy curriculum: Confidence and initial employment position.

Background And Purpose: Graduates from the pediatric degree option program (PDOP) were tracked to identify confidence with pediatric pharmacotherapy and categorize initial employment following graduation.

Educational Activity And Setting: The PDOP was established in 2011 and requires 16 credits of pediatric-focused didactic coursework and advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Thirty PDOP graduates completed a 30-item questionnaire to assess confidence in pediatric pharmacotherapy knowledge and skill statements and employment position following graduation.

Impact of Electronic Health Record Systems on Prescribing Errors in Pediatric Clinics.

Medication errors are commonly reported in the pediatric population. While evidence supports the use of e-prescribing to prevent certain errors, prescribing with an electronic health record (EHR) system is not devoid of errors. Furthermore, the majority of EHRs are not equipped with functionalities addressing pediatric needs.

Nusinersen: A Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of nusinersen (Spinraza) in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Data Sources: An English-language literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE (1946 to June 2018) was performed using the terms nusinersen, ISIS-SMN (Rx), and spinal muscular atrophy. Manufacturer prescribing information, abstracts, article bibliographies, and clinicaltrials.

Description of a pediatric degree option program in a doctorate of pharmacy curriculum and its impact on pediatric-focused advanced pharmacy practice experience rotations and faculty scholarly productivity.

Purpose: To describe the development of a Pediatric Degree Option program and its impact on pediatric-focused advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) and faculty scholarly productivity.

Educational Activity: The Pediatric Degree Option program was established in 2011 and requires 16 h of didactic coursework and APPEs. The number of pediatric-focused APPEs and mean number of APPEs per pediatric faculty per year was compared pre- (2005-2010) and post-implementation (2011-2016).

Considerations for Providing Ambulatory Pharmacy Services for Pediatric Patients.

Pediatric clinical pharmacists are an integral part of the health care team. By practicing in an ambulatory care clinic, they can reduce the risk of medication errors, improve health outcomes, and enhance patient care. Unfortunately, because of limited data, misconceptions surrounding the role of pharmacists, and reimbursement challenges, there may be difficulty in establishing or expanding pediatric clinical pharmacy services to an ambulatory care setting.

Pharmacist-managed short-acting beta agonist refill service in a general pediatric clinic.

Objectives: To use a pharmacist-managed short-acting beta agonist (SABA) service (1) to determine the patient's rationale for SABA refill requests, (2) to assess adherence to current controller therapy and current level of disease control, and (3) to characterize the pharmacist's recommendations made in response to a patient's SABA refill request.

Setting: An academic-based general pediatric clinic.

Practice Description: SABA overuse is a marker of increased morbidity and mortality in children with asthma.

Assessing guideline-concordant prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia.

Background Current reports of outpatient antimicrobial prescribing practices may overestimate guideline concordance since they address only drug selection. Appropriate stewardship should consider all prescribing criteria (i.e.

Applicability of the Schwartz Equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Bedside Equation for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Overweight Children.

Study Objective: To determine if significant correlations exist between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction equation values, derived by using the original Schwartz equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) bedside equation with a 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (Clcr ) value normalized to a body surface area of 1.73 m(2) in overweight and obese children.

Design: Prospective analysis (20 patients) and retrospective analysis (43 patients).

Appropriateness of oral medication delivery devices available in community pharmacies.

Objectives: To identify the proportion of prescribed liquid medications that can be properly administered with devices available at local community pharmacies.

Methods: Prescriptions written over a 2-month time frame in a pediatric clinic were analyzed and compared with measuring devices available at community pharmacies within a 5-mile radius. Devices from the pharmacies were compared with the prescriptions to determine if they were acceptable and/or optimal to measure the dose as prescribed.

Role of Clonidine in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To provide a systematic review of the current role of clonidine in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search inclusive of the dates 1946 to November 2015 was performed using the search terms clonidine and abstinence syndromes, neonatal. Excerpta Medica was searched from 1980 to November 2015 using the search terms clonidine and newborn.

Identifying opportunities to improve medication management in transitions of care.

Purpose: The types and causes of medication discrepancies during the transition from inpatient to ambulatory care were investigated.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at an academic outpatient group practice affiliated with a private nonacademic hospital to (1) describe discrepancies between inpatient discharge summaries and patient-reported medication lists, (2) identify patient and system factors related to breakdowns in medication documentation, and (3) determine reasons for medication discrepancies. During a four-month period, 17 patients at high risk for medication misadventures while transitioning from hospital care to outpatient follow-up were contacted by telephone soon after discharge and asked to provide information on all medications they were taking.

Pharmacist-led educational and error notification interventions on prescribing errors in family medicine clinic.

Objectives: To determine the rate of prescribing errors in a family medicine clinic and the subsequent impact of pharmacist-led educational and error notification interventions on prescribing errors.

Design: Single site, pre-post study design.

Setting: An outpatient academic family medicine clinic serving pediatric and adult populations in Oklahoma from March 1, 2011, through April 30, 2012.