Formulation of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with TLR agonists poly(I:C) and CpG enhances the magnitude and avidity of the humoral immune response.

Subunit vaccines generally require adjuvants to achieve optimal immune responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising immune potentiators, but rapid diffusion from the injection site reduces their local effective concentration and may cause systemic reactions. In this study, we investigated the potential of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (AH) to adsorb the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and TLR9 agonist CpG and compared the effect of the combination adjuvant on the immune response with either the TLR agonists or AH alone in mice.

Alpha-D-glucan nanoparticulate adjuvant induces a transient inflammatory response at the injection site and targets antigen to migratory dendritic cells.

Biodegradable nanoparticles with functionalized surfaces are attractive candidates as vaccine adjuvants. Nano-11 are cationic dendrimer-like -D-glucan nanoparticles with a diameter of 70-80 nm. Mice injected with antigen formulated with Nano-11 developed antibody titers that were similar or greater than antigen with aluminum adjuvant.

An intensive intervention for improving gait, balance, and mobility in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a pilot study of activity tolerance and benefits.

Objective: To determine the tolerance to and benefits of an intensive mobility training (IMT) approach for individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI).

Design: Prospective pretest-posttest study with 6-month follow-up.

Setting: University research laboratory.