Fetal premature excess vertebral linear calcification: a case series.

During embryogenesis, the vertebrae begin development during the 6th week of gestation via two lateral chondrification centers per segment. It was assumed that when disruptions occur in the process of somitogenesis during membranous vertebral body formation, chondrification and ossification will follow the anomalous membranous vertebral body scaffolding, resulting in an anomalous vertebral formation, such as a hemivertebra. Another hypothesis is that hemivertebra may result from anomalous distribution of intersegmental arteries of the vertebral column.

Fetal Renal Duplicated Collecting System at 14-16 Weeks of Gestation.

(1) Background: To examine the incidence of the prenatal diagnosis of the renal double-collecting system (rDCS) and describe its clinical outcome and associated genetic abnormalities. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included women who attended the obstetric clinic for early fetal anatomic sonography with findings of a renal DCS. Diagnosis was conducted by an expert sonographer using defined criteria.

Prenatal detection of gastrointestinal bubbles since early pregnancy: Clues to correct diagnosis.

Objective: To characterize gastrointestinal bubbles detected since early pregnancy and to describe corresponding diagnoses.

Method: A retrospective cohort review of all cases in which gastrointestinal bubbles were detected starting in early prenatal transvaginal scans at 14-17 weeks of gestation between the years 2007 and 2021. Sonographic features and data regarding associated anomalies, genetic abnormalities, and pregnancy outcome were evaluated.

Transient fetal hypertrichosis - Three cases.

We Summarize a three cases of transient fetal hypertrichosis in low risk preganant women. Hypertrichosis has been previously associated with over 140 different syndromes (OMIM); however this finding is rarely described in prenatal ultrasound. In this study we describe the finding of hypertrichosis which resolved later in gestation.

Early prenatal diagnosis of double inlet left ventricle.

Objective: The aim of this study to describe the presentation of double inlet left ventricle (DILV) very early in prenatal life, to assess its prevalence and to portray the associated anomalies.

Methods: This was a retrospective study which included all the women who attended our clinic for early fetal screening sonography, between 2006 and 2020. Most of the screening was done at 14-16 weeks of gestation (except one high risk pregnancy, which was performed at nine gestational weeks), and included an anatomic fetal scan and Doppler imaging.

Growth factors in the fetus and pre-adolescent offspring of hyperglycemic rats.

Background: Maternal hyperglycemia influences childhood metabolic syndrome, including obesity and hyperglycemia. We tested the hypothesis that the maternal hyperglycemia influences growth factors in the fetal and pre-adolescent offspring.

Methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in pregnant rats on embryonic day (E)16 using streptozocin followed by implantation with insulin or placebo pellets at embryonic day 18 (E18).

Fetal Trigonocephaly (Strawberry Skull) in Early Pregnancy.

Trigonocephaly was previously described prenatally in association with severe abnormalities, mostly observed after 18 weeks of gestation. We describe our experience with this finding in early pregnancy, between 14 and 17 weeks of gestation. Our series includes 18 cases of trigonocephaly with several etiologies; trisomy 18, de novo translocation, thanatophoric dysplasia, and open spina bifida without hydrocephalus.

Small for gestational age: the familial perspective.

Background: There are multiple etiologies for being born small for gestational age (SGA). However, extended familial data in idiopathic cases have been scarcely reported.

Objective: Our aim was to explore the familial history of SGA newborns and describe the proportion and distribution of SGA in their parents and parental siblings.

Electronic Spillover from a Metallic Nanoparticle: Can Simple Electrochemical Electron Transfer Processes Be Catalyzed by Electronic Coupling of a Molecular Scale Gold Nanoparticle Simultaneously to the Redox Molecule and the Electrode?

Electrochemical electron transfer (ET) of transition metal complexes or redox metalloproteins can be catalyzed by more than an order of magnitude by molecular scale metallic nanoparticles (NPs), often rationalized by concentration enhancement of the redox molecules in the interfacial region, but collective electronic AuNP array effects have also been forwarded. Using DFT combined with molecular electrochemical ET theory we explore here whether a single molecular scale Au nanocluster (AuC) between a Au (111) surface and the molecular redox probe ferrocene/ferricinium (Fc/Fc) can trigger an ET rate increase. Computational challenges limit us to AuCs ( up to 147), which are smaller than most electrocatalytic AuCs studied experimentally.

Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Double Aortic Arch: Prevalence, Associated Anomalies and Outcome.

Purpose:  Our aims were to describe the feasibility of diagnosis of DAA in early pregnancy and to assess its prenatal prevalence, associated anomalies and outcome.

Materials And Methods:  A retrospective cohort review of all DAA cases diagnosed by early prenatal transvaginal scans at 12-17 weeks of gestation between the years 2007-2018 was performed. Associated anomalies, genetic abnormalities and long-term postnatal outcome were evaluated.

Early prenatal diagnosis of tricuspid valve dysplasia.

Objective: To report our experience in early prenatal diagnosis of six cases of tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) and to delineate echocardiographic features.

Methods: This was a retrospective study which included all the women who attended our clinic for early fetal screening sonography, between 2001 and 2018. The ultrasound screening was done at 11-16 weeks of gestation, and included an anatomic fetal scan and Doppler imaging.

Incidence of congenital thoracic malformations detected by prenatal ultrasound.

Background: The increased and earlier use of prenatal ultrasound has facilitated the detection of congenital thoracic malformations (CTMs). Our Pediatric Pulmonology Institute follows an increasing number of patients with CTMs. Thus, we aimed to evaluate and describe prenatal sonographic findings of CTM, and to estimate changes in detection rates of CTMs over a period of 16 years.

Unilateral Renal Agenesis Diagnosed on Early Prenatal Trans-Vaginal Scans.

Background: Unilateral renal agenesis is a rare finding. There are no large-scale studies reporting this finding in early pregnancy.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and of associated anomalies diagnosed by early prenatal trans-vaginal sonography.

Early sonographic manifestation of fetal congenital lobar emphysema.

Advanced fetal sonographic equipment has contributed to the increase in prenatal diagnosis of congenital thoracic malformations. Among these anomalies is congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), a rare congenital anomaly characterized by over distention and overexpansion of the involved fetal pulmonary lobe. Several studies addressed the prenatal diagnosis of CLE in mid second or early third trimester.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Ptyalism Gravidarum.

Background: Ptyalism gravidarum (PG) is a condition of hypersalivation that affects pregnant women early in gestation. Symptoms include massive saliva volumes (up to 2 liters per day), swollen salivary glands, sleep deprivation, significant emotional distress, and social difficulties.

Objectives: To examine maternal and fetal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of patients with PG.

Early prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital thoracic malformations.

To evaluate and describe the spectrum and rate of congenital thoracic malformations (CTMs) diagnosed by early prenatal sonography (gestational age (GA) less than 16 weeks). A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of prenatal ultrasound screening tests in a community-based clinic. In 2001-2017, 31 261 prenatal ultrasound tests detected 31 CTMs at a gestational age of 15.

Early Transient Prenatal Ultrasound Features of Choanal Atresia.

We present a case series of early second-trimester prenatal ultrasound (US) features in 4 fetuses with a confirmed diagnosis of choanal atresia. The clinical characteristics and outcomes evaluated included prenatal US findings, genetic analyses, postmortem autopsies (2 cases), and computed tomographic findings. A transient large nasal cavity was detected by US in all 4 fetuses.

Prenatal Sonographic Abnormal Appearances of the Fetal Hyaloid Artery: From Normal Variants to Pathology.

This is a case series on the abnormal sonographic appearance and outcome of the fetal hyaloid artery (HA) detected during between 1987 and 2015 at one medical center. Fifteen cases were detected during fetal anatomy scans, usually performed at 14 to 16 weeks' gestation. Three other cases were diagnosed following referral for a second opinion.