Spatiotemporal dynamics exhibited by horizontal basal cells reveal a pro-neurogenic pathway during injury-induced olfactory epithelium regeneration.

Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs remain poorly understood.

Horizontal basal cells self-govern their neurogenic potential during injury-induced regeneration of the olfactory epithelium.

Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) residing within severely damaged olfactory epithelium (OE) mediate OE regeneration by differentiating into odorant-detecting olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and other tissue supporting non-neuronal cell types. Depending on both tissue type and integrity, the Notch signaling pathway can either positively or negatively regulate resident stem cell activity. Although Notch1 specifies HBC dormancy in the uninjured OE, little is known about how HBCs are influenced by the Notch pathway following OE injury.

Implantable Loop Recorder Monitoring for Refining Management of Children With Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes.

Background: Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) are conventionally utilized to elucidate the mechanism of atypical syncope. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these devices on management of pediatric patients with known or suspected inherited arrhythmia syndromes.

Methods And Results: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all pediatric patients with known or suspected inherited arrhythmia syndromes in whom an ILR was implanted from 2008 to 2015.

[Ischemia-reperfusion--a universal mechanism of pathogenesis of critical states in emergency surgery].

On the basis of literature data and personal investigations the authors discuss the questions of pathogenesis of critical states in sepsis and polytrauma taken as an example.

[Specific changes of the thrombocyte aggregation function in acute pancreatitis].

On the basis of investigations of thrombocyte aggregation in 126 patients with acute pancreatitis it was shown that independent of the severity of the pancreatitis the aggregation function of thrombocytes decreased. The effective treatment resulted in its normalization not earlier than within 15 days.

[The hemostasis system indices after operations of spleen trauma].

The authors have studied changes of the hemostasis system in 85 patients operated on the traumatized spleen, followed up from 1 through 15 years after operation. It was established that organ-saving operations and autolientransplantation fail to result in substantial changes in indices of the hemostasis system, while after spleenectomy there were pronounced shifts.

Transcatheter occlusion of ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm: innovative use of available technology.

A 9-year-old boy was found to have ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) and aortic coarctation. Following relief of aortic coarctation by balloon angioplasty, transcatheter coil occlusion of the RSVA was performed successfully under transesophageal echocardiographic and fluoroscopic monitoring; bioptome-assisted delivery of 0.052" Gianturco coil was undertaken via a 7 Fr sheath stabilized by an 0.

A canine model of atrial flutter following the intra-atrial lateral tunnel Fontan operation.

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common problem in children who have undergone a Fontan operation for single ventricle physiology. Although this has been attributed to the atrial stretch inherent in the earlier forms of this operation, AFL has persisted in spite of a modification that minimizes atrial distension. Therefore, it was hypothesized that AFL following the modified Fontan procedure may result from anatomic barriers related to suture lines rather than from atrial stretch or hypertension.

Spontaneous atrial flutter in a chronic canine model of the modified Fontan operation.

Objectives: This study sought to 1) establish whether the atrial flutter (AFL) inducible acutely occurs spontaneously in a chronic canine model, and 2) characterize any reentrant circuits present chronically.

Background: We previously demonstrated, in an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation, that the lateral tunnel suture line creates a sufficient electrophysiologic substrate for AFL.

Methods: Using cardiopulmonary bypass, a suture line was placed through a right atriotomy in adult dogs (n = 7) to simulate the lateral tunnel of the Fontan operation.

Results of speech processor upgrade in a population of Veterans Affairs cochlear implant recipients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the change in performance when the Speak processing strategy replaced the Mpeak strategy.

Subjects: Twenty-one veterans who participated in the original Department of Veterans Affairs Multicenter Cochlear Implant Study, received the Nucleus F0F1F2 processor (Cochlear Corp., Englewood, CO, U.

Left-sided atrial flutter: characterization of a novel complication of pediatric lung transplantation in an acute canine model.

Background: Postoperative atrial flutter has been observed in approximately 10% of children undergoing lung transplantation at our institution. We hypothesized that the left atrial anastomoses made to establish pulmonary venous continuity provide the primary electrophysiologic substrates for atrial flutter.

Objectives: Our objectives were (1) to determine whether the left atrial suture lines alone are sufficient to produce atrial flutter in an acute canine model of lung transplantation and (2) to characterize any resulting reentrant circuits to surgically ablate the atrial flutter.

Atrial flutter: a newly recognized complication of pediatric lung transplantation.

Background And Methods: Atrial flutter after pediatric lung transplantation has not previously been reported. We reviewed the records of 78 children who underwent lung transplantation at our institution to characterize the incidence and clinical course of postoperative atrial flutter. The diagnosis was based on either a surface or transesophageal electrocardiogram that demonstrated a fixed cycle length atrial tachycardia that did not require ventricular participation.

Anatomically based ablation of atrial flutter in an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation.

Background: Lateral tunnel total cavopulmonary connection, also called the modified Fontan operation, uses a baffle through the right atrium. We established, in an acute canine model, that atrial flutter after total cavopulmonary connection revolves around a line of conduction block imposed by the free wall lateral tunnel suture line. We hypothesized that a line of conduction block between the free wall total cavopulmonary connection suture line and the tricuspid anulus would interrupt atrial flutter in this model.

Risk of radiation induced skin injuries from arrhythmia ablation procedures.

Catheter guided ablation of cardiac arrhythmias is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of most supraventricular and selected ventricular tachycardias. Because catheter manipulation is fluoroscopically guided, there is risk of radiation induced injury, especially during prolonged procedures. The Food and Drug Administration has recently issued a bulletin warning of the risks of acute skin injury occurring during fluoroscopically guided procedures that result in an exposure level exceeding 2 Gray units (Gy).

Catheter ablation of clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardias resulting from previous atrial surgery: localizing and transecting the critical isthmus.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of anatomically based radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with previous atrial surgery.

Background: Intraatrial reentrant tachycardias, a common late complication of atrial surgery, are often refractory to standard medical management. Data from experimental animals and from humans indicate that anatomic barriers resulting from residual atrial scars provide a substrate for intraatrial reentry.

Characterization and surgical ablation of atrial flutter after the classic Fontan repair.

Background: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a frequent postoperative complication of the classic Fontan operation, which uses an atriopulmonary connection. We hypothesized that the suture lines alone, in the absence of any hemodynamic alterations, provide the necessary electrophysiologic substrates for AFL. The objectives of this study were to determine if the Fontan suture lines alone are sufficient to permit sustained AFL in an acute canine model and to characterize any resulting reentrant circuits to surgically ablate the AFL.

Lateral tunnel suture line variation reduces atrial flutter after the modified Fontan operation.

Background: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common postoperative sequela of the modified Fontan operation, or total cavopulmonary connection. We hypothesized that injury to the crista terminalis (CT) by the lateral tunnel suture line contributes to the development of AFL in this setting. This study was designed to determine the effects of alteration of the lateral tunnel suture line, relative to the CT, on the inducibility of AFL in an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation.

Recognition and management of nonpenetrating cardiac trauma in children.

Objective: To characterize the evaluation and clinical course of children with nonpenetrating injury to the heart.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records for children admitted to St. Louis Children's Hospital between the years 1987 to 1992 with traumatic cardiac injury.

Origin of the sinus impulse.

It was generally accepted that the site of normal impulse origin within the atria was a single static focus within the sinus node. This review will examine how this model of impulse origin came about and has evolved. Early on, conflicting data suggested that the sinus node focus was not static and changed with interventions that changed heart rate, such as vagal stimulation.

Impact of clinical history and electrophysiologic characterization of accessory pathways on management strategies to reduce sudden death among children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether the clinical and electrophysiologic criteria developed in adults also identify children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at risk for sudden death.

Background: In adults with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, a shortest RR interval <220 ms during atrial fibrillation is a sensitive marker for sudden death. However, because reliance on the shortest RR interval has a low positive predictive value, the clinical history has assumed a pivotal role in assessing risk.

Atrial flutter after lateral tunnel construction in the modified Fontan operation: a canine model.

Intraatrial reentrant tachycardia, or atrial flutter, is a common postoperative problem after Fontan repair, which involves an atriopulmonary connection. A modification of Fontan repair, total cavopulmonary connection, minimizes the portion of the right atrium exposed to stretch and hypertension; however, atrial flutter continues to occur after this procedure. We postulated that the intraatrial lateral tunnel suture line of total cavopulmonary connection, in the absence of physiologic alterations such as atrial hypertension or stretch, provides the necessary electrophysiologic substrate for atrial flutter.

D1-class dopamine receptor involvement in the behavioral recovery from prefrontal cortical injury.

Following unilateral aspiration of the left medial agranular cortex (AGm) region of prefrontal cortex, rats demonstrate contralateral neglect, characterized by a failure to orient to visual, tactile and auditory stimuli presented on the contralateral body side. While dopamine (DA) has been implicated in cortical neglect and its recovery, this study specifically examined D1-class DA receptors for their involvement in spontaneous recovery from neglect caused by AGm ablation. In the first experiment, left AGm-ablated rats demonstrated severe neglect of contralateral stimuli of each modality which spontaneously recovered over a period of several weeks.

Relative densities of muscarinic cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptors in the canine sinoatrial node and their relation to sites of pacemaker activity.

The site of earliest extracellular electrical activation in the sinoatrial node (SAN) is known to shift in response to autonomic stimuli, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the determinants of the location of dominant pacemaker activity have not been elucidated. The present study was designed to characterize the spatial distribution of muscarinic cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptors in the canine SAN and to determine whether a consistent relationship exists between autonomic receptor densities and the site of dominant pacemaker activity. We used quantitative light-microscopic autoradiography of radioligand binding sites to characterize the spatial distribution of muscarinic cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in tissue sections containing the SAN and adjacent right atrial muscle from 18 canine hearts.