ZEB2 drives intra-tumor heterogeneity and skin squamous cell carcinoma formation with distinct EMP transition states.

About 5% of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) have a poor prognosis which is associated with a loss of tumor differentiation, invasion and metastasis, all of which are linked to the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). Here, we showed that the EMP-associated transcription factor ZEB2 drives cSCC heterogeneity which resembles biphasic carcinosarcoma-like tumors. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed distinct subpopulations ranging from fully epithelial (E) to intermediate (EM) to fully mesenchymal (M), associated with the gradual loss of cell surface markers EPCAM, CDH1, ITGB4, and CD200.

Central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors: Case series in accordance with the WHO 2021 reclassification. Framework for patient surveillance.

Purpose: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are a rare type of mesenchymal tumors. The World Health Organization reclassified SFTs in 2021. Currently, guidelines concerning treatment and follow-up are lacking.

Shallow whole-genome sequencing: a useful, easy to apply molecular technique for CNA detection on FFPE tumor tissue-a glioma-driven study.

Copy number alterations (CNAs) have increasingly become part of the diagnostic algorithm of glial tumors. Alterations such as homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B, 7 +/ 10 - chromosome copy number changes or EGFR amplification are predictive of a poor prognosis. The codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q, typically associated with oligodendroglioma, implies a more favorable prognosis.

Intramuscular desmoplastic fibroblastoma: a case report of extreme rarities in extremities.

Soft tissue tumors are part of a wide and sometimes rare differential diagnostic landscape. Case description of these rare soft tissue masses helps the future differentiation and aids in preoperative multidisciplinary approach. Interpretation and staging, with the help of imaging, is key.

A SIMPLE Performance Assessment of Bariatric Procedures and Post-operative Weight Regain.

Background: When assessing and reporting the performance of bariatric procedures, longitudinal total weight loss % (TWL%) is the preferred method of choice. This averages out significant individual weight regains. Due to no assessment of individual weight trajectories, numerous patients with weight recidivism are missed in the overall assessment of the applied procedures.

Sex-based survival differences in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: Results from a retrospective cohort study.

A female survival benefit has been described for glioblastoma patients. Recent studies report that the effect of 0-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase gene promoter (MGMTp) methylation is only present in female patients. We retrospectively studied sex-based survival, including MGMTp-methylation, in a cohort of 159 uniformly treated isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDHwt) patients.

A Potential Role for Fructosamine-3-Kinase in Cataract Treatment.

Cataracts are the major cause of blindness worldwide, largely resulting from aging and diabetes mellitus. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been identified as major contributors in cataract formation because they alter lens protein structure and stability and induce covalent cross-linking, aggregation, and insolubilization of lens crystallins. We investigated the potential of the deglycating enzyme fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) in the disruption of AGEs in cataractous lenses.

Survival impact of incidental subventricular zone irradiation in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

Background And Purpose: The subventricular zone (SVZ) is an important niche for neural stem cells but probably also for brain tumor propagating cells, including the glioblastoma stem cell. The SVZ may become a target for radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. However, reports studying the effect of irradiation of the SVZ on glioblastoma patient survival show conflicting results.

Assessment of the effect of therapy in a rat model of glioblastoma using [18F]FDG and [18F]FCho PET compared to contrast-enhanced MRI.

Objective: We investigated the potential of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [18F]Fluoromethylcholine ([18F]FCho) PET, compared to contrast-enhanced MRI, for the early detection of treatment response in F98 glioblastoma (GB) rats.

Methods: When GB was confirmed on T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, animals were randomized into a treatment group (n = 5) receiving MRI-guided 3D conformal arc micro-irradiation (20 Gy) with concomitant temozolomide, and a sham group (n = 5). Effect of treatment was evaluated by MRI and [18F]FDG PET on day 2, 5, 9 and 12 post-treatment and [18F]FCho PET on day 1, 6, 8 and 13 post-treatment.

Partial resection offers an overall survival benefit over biopsy in MGMT-unmethylated IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients.

Background Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma patients with O-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT)-unmethylated tumors have the worst outcome of all glioblastoma patients. The overall survival (OS) benefit of partial resection of glioblastoma compared to biopsy only remains controversial specifically in relation to molecular factors. In this report, we analyzed the effect of incomplete resection on OS compared to biopsy only in a cohort of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients who were uniformly treated with temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy (TMZ-CR) after surgery.

Development of a Rat Model for Glioma-Related Epilepsy.

Seizures are common in patients with high-grade gliomas (30-60%) and approximately 15-30% of glioblastoma (GB) patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Reliable animal models are needed to develop adequate treatments for glioma-related epilepsy. Therefore, fifteen rats were inoculated with F98 GB cells (GB group) and four rats with vehicle only (control group) in the right entorhinal cortex.

Fructosamine-3-Kinase as a Potential Treatment Option for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Since advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD through various lines of evidence, we investigated the potential of fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) in the disruption of retinal AGEs, drusenoid material and drusenoid lesions in patients with AMD. AGE-type autofluorescence was measured to evaluate the effects of FN3K on glycolaldehyde-induced AGE-modified neural porcine retinas and unmodified human neural retinas.

Subventricular zone contacting glioblastoma: tumor size, molecular biological factors and patient survival.

Background: Several studies show that subventricular zone (SVZ) contact of glioblastoma at diagnosis is a negative prognosticator of survival. In this report, we study glioblastoma patient survival, molecular biological and MRI-based volumetric findings according to SVZ contact.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with supratentorial glioblastoma and uniformly treated with temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy after surgery.

Weak MGMT gene promoter methylation confers a clinically significant survival benefit in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) is a frequently used technique to assess MGMT gene promoter methylation in glioblastoma patients. The optimal technical cut-off value to distinguish methylated from unmethylated samples is nevertheless still undetermined. In literature, a "grey zone" of diagnostic uncertainty has been described.

Technical feasibility of [F]FET and [F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model.

Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Standard medical treatment consists of a maximal safe surgical resection, subsequently radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). An accurate definition of the tumor volume is of utmost importance for guiding RT.

New fluoroethyl phenylalanine analogues as potential LAT1-targeting PET tracers for glioblastoma.

The use of O-(2-[F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([F]FET) as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for brain tumor imaging might have some limitations because of the relatively low affinity for the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). To assess the stereospecificity and evaluate the influence of aromatic ring modification of phenylalanine LAT1 targeting tracers, six different fluoroalkylated phenylalanine analogues were synthesized. After in vitro K determination, the most promising compound, 2-[F]-2-fluoroethyl-L-phenylalanine (2-[F]FELP), was selected for further evaluation and in vitro comparison with [F]FET.

The Path Toward PET-Guided Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma in Laboratory Animals: A Mini Review.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the current state-of-the-art treatment, which consists of maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, concomitant, and adjuvant chemotherapy, progression remains rapid due to aggressive tumor characteristics. Several new therapeutic targets have been investigated using chemotherapeutics and targeted molecular drugs, however, the intrinsic resistance to induced cell death of brain cells impede the effectiveness of systemic therapies.

18F-FCho PET and MRI for the prediction of response in glioblastoma patients according to the RANO criteria.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated fluorine-18 fluoromethylcholine (F-FCho) PET and contrast-enhanced MRI for predicting therapy response in glioblastoma (GB) patients according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Our second aim was to investigate which imaging modality enabled prediction of treatment response first.

Materials And Methods: Eleven GB patients who underwent no surgery or debulking only and received concomitant radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide were included.

Copy number variation analysis and methylome profiling of a GNAQ-mutant primary meningeal melanocytic tumor and its liver metastasis.

Primary meningeal melanocytic tumors have genetic similarities with uveal melanomas, including GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. While BAP1 mutations and loss of chromosome 3 have adverse prognostic meaning in uveal melanoma, genetic alterations associated with metastasis have not been investigated in primary meningeal melanocytic tumors. We describe a 43-year-old female with a GNAQ-mutated, BAP1-wt melanocytic tumor originating in the parietal brain region and liver metastases 4years after initial diagnosis.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the orbit: A clinicopathologic case report and review of literature.

Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is an extremely rare malignancy. In this report, the clinical course of a 32-year-old man presenting with proptoses is described. Medical history included Hirschsprung disease (HD), horseshoe kidney, azoospermia, and vertebral anomalies.

Long term outcome and side effects in patients receiving low-dose I125 brachytherapy: a retrospective analysis.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the disease free survival (DFS),disease specific survival (DSS),overall survival (OS) and side effects in patients who received low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy with I125 stranded seeds.

Materials And Methods: Between july 2003 and august 2012, 274 patients with organ confined prostate cancer were treated with permanent I125 brachytherapy. The median follow-up, age and pretreatment prostate specific antigen (iPSA) was 84 months (12-120), 67 years (50-83) and 7.

Elevated ΔNp63α Levels Facilitate Epidermal and Biliary Oncogenic Transformation.

Unlike its family member p53, TP63 is rarely mutated in human cancer. However, ΔNp63α protein levels are often elevated in tumors of epithelial origin, such as squamous cell carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. To study the oncogenic properties of ΔNp63α in vivo, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing ΔNp63α from the Rosa26 locus promoter controlled by keratin 5-Cre.

Correction: Kinetic Modeling and Graphical Analysis of 18F-Fluoromethylcholine (FCho), 18F-Fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET for the Fiscrimination between High-Grade Glioma and Radiation Necrosis in Rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.