A faculty development series on race and ethnicity in pharmacy education.

Purpose: Professional pharmacy associations are calling for greater cultural sensitivity in pharmacy. education. The faculty of a Midwestern School of Pharmacy set out to better address race and racism in the pharmacy curriculum through the implementation of a faculty development series.

A review of vaping's health effects, treatment, and policy implications: Nursing's call to action.

The emergence and subsequent surge in popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), especially among adolescents and young adults, have reshaped the landscape of tobacco consumption, including use patterns and beliefs as well as therapeutic approaches to the condition. The health implications of ENDS are a cause for concern among NPs, as they include severe nicotine dependence, mental health consequences, and adverse effects on respiratory and cardiac systems, among other issues. This article focuses on the health implications of vaping across the lifespan and emphasizes the need for NPs to evaluate ENDS use consistently across age groups and offer age-appropriate treatment within the clinical setting.

Disparities in Rural Tobacco Use, Smoke-Free Policies, and Tobacco Taxes.

Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) remain leading causes of preventable disease, disability, and mortality in the United States. Rural populations are among those being left behind in the recent declining smoking rates and have become a focus of discussions on tobacco-related disparities. This article describes tobacco-related disparities in rural populations including tobacco use, exposure to SHS, smoke-free policies, and tobacco taxes.

Systems change to improve tobacco use identification and referral in the chiropractic setting: a pilot study.

Background: Tobacco use remains a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Health professionals need to address the use of tobacco products by their patients, but chiropractic clinical systems often remain unsupported and underappreciated in their role to facilitate tobacco use cessation.

Methods: This pilot study tested an intervention to assist a chiropractic community to implement sustainable health systems changes for tobacco use based on U.

Description of tobacco use and cessation among Bhutanese refugees participating in a tobacco cessation program.

Objectives: To compare the tobacco use, exposure, and cessation differences between Bhutanese refugee and non-Hispanic Caucasian tobacco users in a US federally qualified health center tobacco cessation program.

Design: A retrospective cohort study reviewing data from 374 patients counseled on tobacco cessation was performed. Demographic information, tobacco use history, exposure to tobacco, and type of tobacco used characterized baseline assessments.

Depression Screening in Diabetes Care to Improve Outcomes: Are We Meeting the Challenge?

Purpose: Evidence-based guidelines recommend regular depression screening among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study is to examine depression screening patterns among a primary care population with T2DM, through use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Methods: In total, 1817 patients with T2DM were analyzed through a retrospective observational study at 2 sites, a regional health center and a federally qualified health center (FQHC).

Disease Control Among Patients With Diabetes and Severe Depressive Symptoms.

Objective: Major depressive disorder and type 2 diabetes commonly co-occur and disease control tends to be poorer when both conditions are present. However, little research has examined the disease characteristics of patients with diabetes and more severe depressive symptoms.

Methods: We report a retrospective observational study of 517 patients with diabetes from 2 primary care centers.

Use of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Assessment in Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

The purpose of the current study was to assess the frequency and distribution of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without depression. The current case-control study used electronic medical record data from two primary care institutions. The sample was divided into cases with coexisting depression and type 2 diabetes and controls without depression.

Evaluation of health literacy tools for correct prescription understanding.

Objectives: To evaluate two brief health literacy prediction tools for understanding of a prescription label and using a drug correctly.

Methods: Patients who visited the Family HealthCare Pharmacy were asked to complete the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM-R) and to interpret a prescription medication label. Each patient received a bottle of amoxicillin suspension with one of four prescription labels randomly varied in directions for frequency and amount.

Medication therapy management: teaming with pharmacists for improved patient care.

Medication therapy management (MTM) is a patient-centered, comprehensive method for improving medication use and is required for eligible beneficiaries under Medicare Part D. Physician assistants (PAs) play a pivotal role in reviewing and approving medication recommendations from pharmacists, as well as referring patients for MTM services.

Economic impact of a pharmacy resident in an assisted living facility-based medication therapy management program.

Background: Pharmacists now have the opportunity to be reimbursed for providing medication therapy management (MTM) services. With 5% of the elderly population living in senior housing such as assisted living facilities, MTM programs need to be evaluated in this setting.

Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of a postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy practice resident's interventions while performing MTM in an assisted living facility.