Optimising prostate biopsies and imaging for the future-a review.

Conventionally, transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) was the main technique used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer since it was first described in 1989 [1]. However, the PROMIS trial showed that this random, nontargeted approach could miss up to 18% of clinically significant cancer (csPCa) [2]. Furthermore, risk of sepsis post TRUS-Bx can be as high as 2.

Achieving trifecta outcomes in robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy within a fellowship training centre.

To assess the robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) trifecta rate within a fellowship program. Patients undergoing RAPN 01/01/2010-01/07/2023 were enrolled from a prospectively maintained database. All cases were performed jointly with surgical fellows, except when privately insured.

Concordance between renal tumour biopsy and robotic-assisted partial and radical nephrectomy histology: a 10-year experience.

We aimed to assess concordance between renal tumour biopsy (RTB) and surgical pathology from robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) or robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN). Patients with preoperative RTB undergoing RAPN or RARN for suspected malignancy (9 September 2013-9 September 2023) were enrolled retrospectively from three sites. Patients were excluded if the tumour had prior cryotherapy or if biopsy or nephrectomy histology were unavailable or inconclusive.

Comparative study between the use of double J ureteric stents vs bander ureteric stents during robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with intra corporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion.

Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is fast becoming the standard of care with comparable oncological outcomes to open surgery for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Ileal conduit is by far the most popular means of urinary diversion following a cystectomy. Use of stents is common practice to reduce uretero-enteric anastomosis-related complications.

Insights and Recommendations From Two Urology-Based Educational Interventions: Development of a Urology Teaching Programme and Out-of-Hours Urology Handbook.

Exposure and education in urology for medical students (MSs) and junior doctors (JDs) have long been overlooked, resulting in inadequate preparedness for the management of urological cases/patients. This study addresses this deficiency through the implementation of a Urology Teaching Programme (UTP) and the creation of an Out-of-Hours Urology Handbook (OOHUH). The UTP was delivered virtually, targeting senior MSs and JDs, and covered common urological presentations and management pathways from a JD's perspective.

Predicted heart mass based on ideal body weight for donor-to-recipient size matching.

Background: Predicted heart mass (PHM) is a commonly used tool for donor-to-recipient size matching. However, incorporating body weight as part of PHM can be considered problematic given its high variability, and low metabolic nature of fat. We sought to assess whether substituting the actual donor and recipient weight with the ideal body weight (IBW) would affect the association of donor-to-recipient PHM ratio with 1-year and overall survival after heart transplantation.

Association of Heart Transplant Volume with Presence of Lung Transplant Programs and Heart Transplant's SRTR One-year Survival Rating.

Background:  Several factors affect heart transplant (HTx) and lung transplant (LTx) program outcomes. Variabilities in institutional and community characteristics have been shown to influence survival. At present, half of HTx centers in the United States do not possess a concomitant LTx program.

Frequency of Student Resource Use and Academic Performance in Preclerkship Education: A Survey Study.

Medical students have unprecedented access to a large variety of learning resources, but patterns of resource use, differences in use across education cohorts, and the relationship between resource use and academic performance are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate student resource use and its relationship to academic performance during preclerkship years. First-year and second-year medical students completed a 10-question electronic survey that assessed likelihood of using outside resources recommended by others, reasons for using outside resources, frequency of use of resources, and use of outside resources for specific disciplines.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia causing massive unilateral breast enlargement-a case report.

Background: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is an uncommon mesenchymal benign breast neoplasm. PASH may present as a rapidly growing mass in pre-menopausal women. It is important to rule out other causes of a breast lump including fibroadenoma, hamartoma, phyllodes tumour and invasive adenocarcinoma.

Reducing the rate of negative ureteroscopy: predictive factors and the role of preoperative imaging.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate factors that may predict a negative ureteroscopy (URS) performed for ureteric calculi in prestented patients and to assess preoperative imaging in reducing the rate of negative URS.

Methods: Data were collected on emergency stent placement for a ureteric calculus from April 2011 to February 2016 (Group A) and October 2016 to October 2019 (Group B). Data included patient demographics, indication for a stent, stone characteristics, baseline bloods, urine culture, readmission, negative URS rate and the use of pre-URS imaging.

Neuron-Glia Crosstalk Plays a Major Role in the Neurotoxic Effects of Ketamine Extracellular Vesicles.

There is a compelling evidence from animal models that early exposure to clinically relevant general anesthetics (GAs) interferes with brain development, resulting in long-lasting cognitive impairments. Human studies have been inconclusive and are challenging due to numerous confounding factors. Here, we employed primary human neural cells to analyze ketamine neurotoxic effects focusing on the role of glial cells and their activation state.

Structural trends in a series of bulky dialkylbiarylphosphane complexes of Cu.

Cu complexes containing the bulky dialkylbiarylphosphane 2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (BuXPhos, L) and an ancillary ligand (Cl, Br, I, MeCN, ClO or SCN) have been structurally characterized, namely, chlorido[2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP]copper(I), [CuCl(CHP)], 1, bromido[2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP]copper(I), [CuBr(CHP)], 2, [2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP]iodidocopper(I), [CuI(CHP)], 3, (acetonitrile-κN)[2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP]copper(I) hexafluoridophosphate, [Cu(CHCN)(CHP)]PF, 4, [2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP](perchlorato-κO)copper(I), [Cu(ClO)(CHP)], 5, and di-μ-thiocyanato-κS:N;κN:S-bis{[2-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl-κP]copper(I)}, [Cu(NCS)(CHP)], 6. Iodide complex 3 shows significant Cu-arene interactions, in contrast to its chloride 1 and bromide 2 counterparts, which is attributed to the weaker interaction between the iodide ion and the Cu centre. When replacing iodide with an acetonitrile (in 4) or perchlorate (in 5) ligand, the reduced interaction between the Cu atom and the ancillary ligand results in stronger Cu-arene interactions.

Australian bus drivers' modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study.

Introduction: Little is known about workplace health promotion for bus drivers. Bus drivers are at-risk of chronic disease because they are exposed to the risk factor combination of poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary time and are often overweight or obese. The purpose of this paper is to situate the quantitative baseline data collected from bus drivers within qualitative findings about the socio-cultural context of the workplace.

Exploring access in a volunteer free-service dental clinic.

Introduction: Marginalized, low-income individuals face many barriers to dental care, including but not limited to cost. The Student Health Initiative for the Needs of Edmonton (SHINE) dental clinic is a student-operated volunteer clinic offering free services to low-income individuals. This study aimed to explore the access to dental care needs of low-income groups, from community health brokers' perspectives.

Artificial intelligence in urological oncology: An update and future applications.

There continues to be rapid developments and research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Urological Oncology worldwide. In this review we discuss the basics of AI, application of AI per tumour group (Renal, Prostate and Bladder Cancer) and application of AI in Robotic Urological Surgery. We also discuss future applications of AI being developed with the benefits to patients with Urological Oncology.

Review of the evidence for robotic-assisted robotic cystectomy and intra-corporeal urinary diversion in bladder cancer.

Radical cystectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion is the gold-standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The surgery is both complex and highly morbid. Robotic cystectomy is now in its 16 year with established techniques and sufficient research maturity to enable comparison with its open counterpart.

Truckies and the Australian transport industry: Managers' perspectives about enablers and inhibitors to workplace health promotion.

Background: There is little published research about managers' views about implementing and embedding workplace health promotion interventions.

Objective: To shed light on research-to-practice challenges in implementing workplace health promotion interventions in the Australian road transport industry.

Methods: In this Participatory Action Research project, managers from small-to-midsized companies in the Australian road transport industry were asked their views about enablers and barriers to implementing nutrition and physical activity interventions in their workplace.

A Retrospective Study of Immunotherapy Treatment with Uro-Vaxom (OM-89®) for Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.

Objectives: To present our experience with the long-term preventive effect of immunotherapy with Uro-Vaxom® on recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 79 patients with recurrent UTI treated with Uro-Vaxom. Recurrent UTIs were defined as ≥ 2 infections in 6 months or ≥ 3 in 12 months.

miR-504 modulates the stemness and mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and their interaction with microglia via delivery by extracellular vesicles.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. A small subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) has been implicated in radiation resistance and tumor recurrence. In this study we analyzed the expression of miRNAs associated with the functions of GSCs using miRNA microarray analysis of these cells compared with human neural stem cells.

Postgraduate health promotion students' perceptions of at-risk populations: Those who smoke tobacco, are overweight or obese or drink alcohol at hazardous levels.

Perceptions acquired during tertiary health promotion education can influence students' interactions with their future service-users. Reflective practice can highlight these perceptions. Here we describe the findings of a reflective exercise conducted with postgraduate health promotion students as part of a learning activity.

Prevalence of respiratory conditions among people who use illicit opioids: a systematic review.

Background And Aims: There are growing concerns over the respiratory health of people who use illicit opioids due to high rates of opioid inhalation and tobacco smoking in this group. This study aimed to summarize the evidence relating illicit opioid use with poor respiratory health.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the association between illicit opioid use and respiratory health was undertaken in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance (PROSPERO ID = CRD42017059953).

Is Vitamin D Level at Melanoma Diagnosis Associated With Stage Of Tumor? An Observational Study of Melanoma Patients Living in a High Ultraviolet Radiation Environment.

Objectives: This study will assess the relationship between vitamin D concentration at melanoma diagnosis and melanoma tumor characteristics, in individuals in a high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) environment.

Methods: We aim to recruit 600 recently diagnosed melanoma patients from Queensland, Australia, a high UVR location with one of the world's highest melanoma incidence rates. Patients are recruited through general practitioner, skin cancer specialist, dermatological and hospital-based practices.

Personal ultraviolet Radiation exposure in a cohort of Chinese mother and child pairs: the Chinese families and children study.

Background: Few studies in China have examined personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure using polysulfone dosimetry.

Methods: In this study, 93 mother and adolescent child pairs (N = 186) from two locations in China, one rural (higher latitude) and one urban (lower latitude), completed 3 days of personal UVR dosimetry and a sun/clothing diary, as part of a larger pilot study.

Results: The average daily ambient UVR in each location as measured by dosimetry was 20.