New physics searches at kaon and hyperon factories.

Rare meson decays are among the most sensitive probes of both heavy and light new physics. Among them, new physics searches using kaons benefit from their small total decay widths and the availability of very large datasets. On the other hand, useful complementary information is provided by hyperon decay measurements.

Autophagy upregulation may explain inhibition of oral carcinoma in situ by photobiomodulation in vitro.

There is currently no clear understanding on the pathways involved in the process of cell inhibition by photobiomodulation (PBM). The present study evaluated the influence of PBM on the expression of autophagy markers in vitro in an in situ model of oral carcinoma. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (Cal27) and stromal fibroblasts (FG) cultures were used.

Standard-Model Prediction of ε_{K} with Manifest Quark-Mixing Unitarity.

The parameter ε_{K} describes CP violation in the neutral kaon system and is one of the most sensitive probes of new physics. The large uncertainties related to the charm-quark contribution to ε_{K} have so far prevented a reliable standard-model prediction. We show that Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity enforces a unique form of the |ΔS=2| weak effective Lagrangian in which the short-distance theory uncertainty of the imaginary part is dramatically reduced.

Epsin but not AP-2 supports reconstitution of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles.

Formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) in receptor-mediated endocytosis is a mechanistically well-established process, in which clathrin, the adaptor protein complex AP-2, and the large GTPase dynamin play crucial roles. In order to obtain more mechanistic insight into this process, here we established a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV)-based in vitro CCV reconstitution system with chemically defined components and the full-length recombinant proteins clathrin, AP-2, epsin-1, and dynamin-2. Our results support the predominant model in which hydrolysis of GTP by dynamin is a prerequisite to generate CCVs.

Nrf2-peroxiredoxin I axis in polymorphous adenocarcinoma is associated with low matrix metalloproteinase 2 level.

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that affects almost exclusively the minor salivary glands, generally described as having a relatively good prognosis. Aberrant nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor (Nrf2) activation in tumor cells has been associated with induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Nrf2 and correlate it with Prx I and MMP-2 secretion in PAC.

Gingival Cyst of the Adult: Report of an Inconspicuous Lesion Associated with Multiple Agenesis.

Gingival cyst of the adult is a rare slow growing and asymptomatic lesion that arises from the rests of the dental lamina. The present report describes the case of a miniscule adult gingival cyst in the lower anterior gingiva in a 51-year-old male with agenesis of lower premolars and lateral incisors. This paper contrasts the literature concerning the differentiation between the gingival cyst of the adult and the lateral periodontal cysts as well as the possible misguided concept that the former may be such rare an occurrence.

Next-to-next-to-leading-order charm-quark contribution to the CP violation parameter ϵ(K) and ΔM(K).

The observables ϵ(K) and ΔM(K) play a prominent role in particle physics due to their sensitivity to new physics at short distances. To take advantage of this potential, a firm theoretical prediction of the standard-model background is essential. The charm-quark contribution is a major source of theoretical uncertainty.

Radiochemotherapy in locally invasive non-metastatic carcinoma of the bladder.

We therefore believe that our therapeutic concept is a true alternative to primary cystectomy, with comparable survival rates. We observed a high rate of functional organ preservation in long-term survivors (79% with complete remission (CR) after 5 years). Radiation bladders were rare at doses not exceeding 60 Gy.

Evaluation of bladder dysfunction.

A careful and detailed history and physical examination can give clues to a neurogenic bladder disturbance. Urine analysis should always be performed to exclude urinary tract infection. The most important basic investigation is ultrasound of the kidneys and of residual urine.

Lymph node involvement in renal cell carcinoma and survival chance by systematic lymphadenectomy.

Background: The value of systematic lymphadenectomy has been a matter of great controversy for a long period of time. A recently published paper of a retrospective autopsy study generally doubts its therapeutic effectiveness, arguing that positive lymph nodes are nearly always associated with distant metastases.

Patients And Methods: Between 1974 and 1993 1035 patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma with stages from cT 1 to 4, cM 0 were treated with curative intention.

Acylceramides and lanosterol-lipid markers of terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes: modulating effect of retinoic acid.

Epidermal differentiation is accompanied by profound changes in the synthesis of a variety of intracellular proteins and intercellular lipids. In conventional, submerged culture keratinocytes have been shown to lose the ability to synthesize the protein markers of differentiation. They re-express them, however, when they are cultured in medium supplemented with delipidized [retinoic acid (RA)-depleted] serum or in air-exposed cultures using de-epidermized dermis (DED) as a substrate.

Evolution of lipid composition in skin treated with blackcurrant seed oil.

Synopsis This report utilizes a new procedure based on epidermal stripping to analyse unlabelled skin fatty acids. This technique was applied to the study of human dry skin treated with blackcurrant seed oil, an essential fatty acid rich lipid also containing gamma linolenic acid. In human dry skin the usual fatty acids were found in the stratum corneum as in normal skin outer layers.

Volume homeostasis, renal function and hypertension.

A generalised vasoconstriction, for almost a century believed to be the basis of all types of human hypertension, was disproved by recent haemodynamic studies. In our investigation of hypertension in chronic parenchymatous non-uraemic, non-anaemic renal disease, we have established that the earliest haemodynamic abnormality in subjects, of whom over 90% later develop high blood pressure, has actually started while their blood pressure is still normal. This consists of hypervolaemia and a high cardiac output (hyperkinesis) with tissue hyperperfusion.

Investigations on the Na+, K+-pump in erythrocytes of patients with renal hypertension.

The ouabain-sensitive 42K+ flux from an artificial medium into erythrocytes was measured in 29 control subjects, 66 patients with chronic parenchymatous renal disease and in 32 subjects with primary hypertension. The ouabain-sensitive 42K+ influx was reduced in subjects with chronic renal disease by about 20%, even when they were normotensive. The reduction in these patients was greater than that in patients with essential hypertension.

Mechanisms for the elevation of blood pressure in human renal disease. Preliminary report.

Detailed hemodynamic studies were carried out in 99 subjects with chronic nonuremic renal disease and 17 healthy subjects. The earliest hemodynamic abnormality found in normotensive renal patients was a raised circulating blood volume and an increased cardiac output. The blood pressure remained normal as long as the peripheral vascular bed (arteriolar and venous) adjusted to these conditions.