The Impact of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault on Family Dynamics and Child Development: A Comprehensive Review.

This review synthesizes current research on domestic violence and sexual assault, focusing on their short-term and long-term effects on family dynamics, particularly on the development and well-being of children and adolescents. The article employs a curated body of literature, including surveys, reviews, program evaluations, and international health reports, to elucidate the direct and collateral damage caused by such trauma within families. The review critically examines the intersecting consequences of abuse, including immediate psychological distress and long-term socio-economic and educational disruptions for affected youths.

[Cannabis--Position Paper of the German Respiratory Society (DGP)].

In this position paper, the adverse health effects of cannabis are reviewed based on the existing scientific literature; in addition possible symptom-relieving effects on some diseases are depicted. In Germany, cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug. Approximately 600,000 adult persons show abusive or addictive cannabis consumption.

Birth weight and special educational needs: results of a population-based study in Berlin.

Background: Preterm infants are at higher risk for developmental problems. The aim of this study is to quantify the relation between birth weight and special educational needs.

Methods: We analyzed data from the pre-school examinations of 134 313 children in Berlin aged 5 to 6 who were examined between 2007 and 2011.

[Problems introducing a pediatric poisoning treatment set].

Between 1995 and 1998 the Berlin poison center conducted a case-control study supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Berlin Medical Association, a health insurance company, and the Berlin Pediatric Society to test the efficacy of a pediatric poisoning treatment set. The aim of the study was to induce parents of small children to call the poison center immediately in cases of unintentional poisonings at home and to administer activated charcoal if advised to do so by the poison center specialist. This was achieved by handling over a so-called "emergency kit" to 24,000 parents during the regular pediatric office check-up when the children were 10-12 months of age.

[Substituting metasilicates in machine dishwashing agents prevents childhood corrosive injuries].

In children unintentional ingestions of metasilicate- containing machine dishwashing agents have caused corrosive injuries of the mouth and esophagus in up to 50% of all cases. Whether substituting the corrosive ingredient by disilicates and carbonates reduces the number of corrosive injuries was studied in a 2-year prospective follow-up of 396 unintentional childhood ingestions. Symptoms of possible mucous membrane injury by machine dishwashing agents containing disilicates and carbonates (group DC) were compared to ingestions of irritating but definitely non-corrosive surfactants (group S).

[Poisoning in small children--assessing the incidence and intervention. II. What is effective in prevention?].

A study was started a) to assess the incidence self-poisoning in pre-school children and b) to evaluate the impact of an emergency set containing activated carbon and an antifoam. Cooperation was established with the regional legal sickness funds, the regional physician association, and two pharmaceutical companies. Incidence and extent of unintentional self-poisoning among pre-school children are to be determined.

[Role of medicinal coal in primary management of poisoning].

Primary detoxication by ipecac-induced emesis or gastric lavage is incomplete. In mild to moderate childhood poisoning administration of activated charcoal alone without gastric emptying is often more effective, because it binds toxins promptly. In-vitro and in-vivo studies of many substances have shown good adsorption to activated charcoal (e.

Infantile isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency: report of a case with negative sulphite test and normal sulphate excretion.

We present the clinical and biochemical data of a patient with infantile isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency with late onset of symptoms. A comparison of the biochemical parameters is made with the neonatal type of this disease and with the data of described patients with the combined defect of sulphite oxidase and xanthine oxidase, due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency. False-negative sulphite dip stick test as a pitfall in the diagnosis of sulphite oxidase deficiency is discussed.

Acute hemiparesis as the presenting sign in a heterozygote for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Strokes in children occur in conjunction with cardiac disease, hematological disorders, trauma, intracranial infections and migraine. Recently several inborn errors of metabolism have been recognized as possible causes of stroke-like symptoms. We describe a female heterozygote of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, who presented with convulsions and right sided hemiplegia.

A new case of hyperargininaemia: neurological and biochemical findings prior to and during dietary treatment.

We present clinical and biochemical data on a further patient with hyperargininaemia and the results of neurophysiological tests both before and during dietary treatment with an essential amino acid mixture. With normalisation of plasma arginine concentrations, neurological functions improved and brain stem auditory evoked potentials normalized suggesting a partially reversible central conduction disorder. Neuroradiological findings included cerebral cortical atrophy on computed tomography scan and patchy abnormal myelination on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Plasma polyol levels in patients with cataract.

Galactitol and sorbitol concentrations in plasma were determined in patients (with or without cataract) in whom homo- or heterozygosity for galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, systemic or peripheral UDP-galactose epimerase and sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency was confirmed. For the above disorders it can be concluded that elevation of plasma polyols is not always related to the presence or absence of cataract. In all cases with cataract, however, the plasma galactitol or sorbitol levels were elevated.

A new case of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.

We present the clinical and biochemical features of a boy with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, which seem to underline a disease entity of developmental retardation, epilepsy and muscular hypertonia.