Menstrual Pattern, Reproductive Hormones, and Transabdominal 3D Ultrasound in 317 Adolescent Girls.

Context: The knowledge of normal variation of reproductive hormones, internal genitalia imaging, and the prevalence of gynecological disorders in adolescent girls is limited.

Objective: The study aimed to describe reproductive parameters in postmenarchal girls from the general population including the frequency of oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and use of hormonal contraception.

Design: The Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 girls born between 1997 and 2002.

Uterine volume and endometrial thickness in healthy girls evaluated by ultrasound (3-dimensional) and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To report normative data on uterine volume and endometrial thickness in girls, according to pubertal stages; to evaluate factors that affect uterine volume; and to compare transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design: Cross-sectional study of a nested cohort of girls participating in The Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort.

Setting: General community.

Circulating AMH reflects ovarian morphology by magnetic resonance imaging and 3D ultrasound in 121 healthy girls.

Context: In adult women, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by small growing follicles, and circulating levels of AMH reflect the number of antral follicles as well as primordial follicles. Whether AMH reflects follicle numbers in healthy girls remains to be elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether serum levels of AMH reflects ovarian morphology in healthy girls.

Antithyroid drug-induced fetal goitrous hypothyroidism.

Maternal overtreatment with antithyroid drugs can induce fetal goitrous hypothyroidism. This condition can have a critical effect on pregnancy outcome, as well as on fetal growth and neurological development. The purpose of this Review is to clarify if and how fetal goitrous hypothyroidism can be prevented, and how to react when prevention has failed.

Graves' disease in two pregnancies complicated by fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: successful in utero treatment with levothyroxine.

Background: Treatment of Graves' disease during pregnancy with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) poses a risk of inducing hypothyroidism and, thus, development of a goiter to the fetus.

Patient Findings: We report two patients referred to our department after discovery of a fetal goiter by ultrasound examination in the second trimester of pregnancy. The women receiving 400 mg/day propylthiouracil and 10 mg/day thiamizole, respectively, had thyrotropin and total thyroxine values within the normal reference range but a lowered free thyroxine level.

Early pituitary-gonadal activation before clinical signs of puberty in 5- to 8-year-old adopted girls: a study of 99 foreign adopted girls and 93 controls.

Context: Recent studies have indicated that internationally adopted girls are at high risk of developing precocious puberty. Clinical studies including a contemporary control group are lacking.

Objective: The objective was to study clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic markers of pituitary-gonadal activation in prepubertal adopted girls and a control group in the same age categories.

Detection of chromosomal abnormalities, congenital abnormalities and transfusion syndrome in twins.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of screening for structural malformations in twins and the outcome of screening for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) among monochorionic twins through a number of ultrasound scans from 12 weeks' gestation.

Methods: Enrolled into this prospective multicenter observational study were women with twin pregnancies diagnosed before 14 + 6 gestational weeks. The monochorionic pregnancies were scanned every second week until 23 weeks in order to rule out early TTTS.

Improved first-trimester Down syndrome screening performance by lowering the false-positive rate: a prospective study of 9941 low-risk women.

Objective: To determine the performance of screening for Down syndrome (DS) and other major chromosomal abnormalities using nuchal translucency (NT), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in a prospective study of a non-selected population.

Methods: Of 9941 women with an early ultrasound examination, NT was measured in 8622 singleton pregnancies with a gestational age between 10 + 3 and 13 + 6 weeks. beta-hCG and PAPP-A were analyzed in 6441 cases.

Treatment of severe fetal chylothorax associated with pronounced hydrops with intrapleural injection of OK-432.

We describe a case of a 25-week fetus with severe bilateral pleural effusion, marked ascites, skin edema, an anterior thick (hydropic) placenta and polyhydramnios in which the most probable diagnosis was congenital chylothorax. Treatment with a pleuroamniotic shunt was planned, however the location of the fetus just below the anterior placenta made the placement of the shunt too dangerous. We therefore decided to use intrapleural injection of OK-432.

Oocyte donation in women cured of cancer with bone marrow transplantation including total body irradiation in adolescence.

Female survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence who have been treated with bone marrow transplantation including total body irradiation (TBI) are at high risk of developing ovarian follicular depletion and infertility. The lack of oocytes may be compensated for by oocyte donation but these patients also seem to have a uterine factor. Even though oestrogen replacement therapy is given, the growth of the uterus during adolescence is impaired.

[Selective foeticidium using YAG laser].

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome was found by ultrasound in monochorionic diamniotic twins in week 20. The donor had hydrocephalus and the recipient was normal. Selective foeticide was performed by coagulating the vessels of the umbilical cord of the donor with a YAG-laser.

[Twin to twin transfusion syndrome].

The incidence of multiple pregnancy has increased by 1.7 times from 1980-1994. Twenty-five percent of all twins are monochorionic diamnionic.

Ultrasound B-mode changes in the uterus and ovaries and Doppler changes in the uterus after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in childhood.

Internal genitalia and uterine blood flow were assessed by ultrasound in 12 females 4.0-10.9 years after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood leukaemia or lymphoma.

Acardiac twins: pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcome and treatment. Six cases and review of the literature.

Twin gestation is often a hazardous pregnancy and especially the monochorionic twin pregnancy significantly contributes to fetal morbidity and mortality. Among the serious complications with twins, the twin-twin transfusion syndrome complicates 5-35% of monozygotic twin pregnancies with monochorionic placentation. Acardiac twinning, earlier known as chorioangiopagus parasiticus, is the most extreme manifestation of this condition.

Central precocious puberty in girls: internal genitalia before, during, and after treatment with long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues.

Pelvic ultrasonography was systematically performed on 33 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty to investigate the impact of treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues on female internal genitalia. All girls were treated with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (Decapeptyl Depot; Ferring Co., Copenhagen, Denmark) 75 micrograms/kg every 4 weeks.

Randomised study of risk of fetal loss related to early amniocentesis versus chorionic villus sampling.

Background: Several cohort studies have shown the feasibility of early amniocentesis (between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation) as an alternative to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for karyotyping, but the only completed randomised study of fetal safety showed a significant fetal-loss risk related to first-trimester amniocentesis. We assessed fetal safety in early amniocentesis and CVS.

Methods: We assessed early amniocentesis at 11-13 weeks gestational age compared with the fetal risk associated with CVS at 10-12 weeks.

Prenatal detection of chromosome aneuploidies by fluorescence in situ hybridization: experience with 2000 uncultured amniotic fluid samples in a prospective preclinical trial.

Successful rapid prenatal detection of selected numerical chromosome abnormalities by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid samples has been described by Klinger et al. (1992) and Ward et al. (1993, 1997).

Abdominal wall defects in the era of prenatal diagnosis.

In order to study the effects of prenatal diagnosis, we reviewed all 141 cases of abdominal wall defects (AWD) seen in our institution since 1980. In the period up to the end of 1994, 65 AWDs were diagnosed at the Department of Obstetric Ultrasound and another 76 infants were born with an AWD, 44 with omphalocele (prenatal diagnosis 29), 21 with a cord hernia (prenatal diagnosis 4), and 76 with gastroschisis (prenatal diagnosis 32). In the prenatal diagnosis group the frequency of cesarean section was 48%, in the postnatal diagnosis group 13%.

Doppler assessment of flow velocity in the uterine artery during pubertal maturation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible changes in uterine artery flow velocity during puberty and young adulthood. In a cross-sectional study, 133 healthy volunteers aged 6.7 to 25.

Pubertal maturation of the internal genitalia: an ultrasound evaluation of 166 healthy girls.

Pelvic ultrasound is an important tool in the management of children with disturbances of pubertal development; interpretation requires an understanding of the normal relationship between maturation of internal genitalia and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics. We performed pelvic ultrasound examinations in 166 healthy females aged 6.4-25.

Early sonographically guided amniocenteses with filtration technique: follow-up on 249 procedures.

Fetal and neonatal outcome is reported for 249 consecutive low-risk pregnancies in which early amniocentesis was carried out with filter technique, at a mean gestational age of 12.5 weeks, to improve the yield in cell cultures. Three pregnancies (1.

Perinatal outcome after in vitro fertilisation.

A prospective series of 90 consecutive pregnancies (70 singleton, 16 twin and 4 triplet pregnancies) resulting in births of 114 infants after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) at Rigshospitalet were compared to a control group of pregnancies and deliveries in 70 non-IVF infertility patients with singleton pregnancies and 20 women with normal fertility with twin (n = 16) or triplet (n = 4) pregnancies. No differences in the incidence of third trimester pregnancy complications, abnormal fetal karyotypes or malformations were found. The number of women with spontaneous onset of labor and the gestational age at delivery were similar in the IVF and control groups.

True trisomy 15 mosaicism, detected by amniocentesis at 12 weeks of gestation and fetal echocardiography.

A case of mosaicism of trisomy 15, with two-thirds of the cells trisomic, was detected at 12 weeks of gestation in amniotic fluid cell cultures obtained with the filtration technique. Ultrasound examination at 13 weeks showed a nodule protruding into the amniotic cavity which was speculated to be remnants of a co-twin, causing the trisomic cell line. At 20 weeks of gestation, a malformation scan (level III) was normal, but supplementary fetal echocardiography revealed a severe cardiac defect (mitral atresia and a ventricular septal defect).