Naloxegol rescue with methylnaltrexone highly effective.

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is common and can significantly affect quality of life. Naloxegol and methylnaltrexone are peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) which are effective for the management of OIC. We report on a case in the palliative care setting where a patient with established OIC had an inadequate response to naloxegol but an effective and immediate response to methylnaltrexone at the dose recommended for her weight.

Two experimental tests of relational models of procedural justice: non-instrumental voice and authority group membership.

In both a laboratory experiment (in Australia) using university as the basis of group membership, and a scenario experiment (in India) using religion as the basis of group membership, we observe more favourable respect and fairness ratings in response to an in-group authority than an out-group authority who administers non-instrumental voice. Moreover, we observe in our second experiment that reported likelihood of protest (herein called "social-change voice") was relatively high following non-instrumental voice from an out-group authority, but relatively low following non-instrumental voice from an in-group authority. Our findings are consistent with relational models of procedural justice, and extend the work by examining likely use of alternative forms of voice as well as highlighting the relative importance of instrumentality.

Mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon farmed in British Columbia.

Mycobacterium chelonae was identified as the cause of incidental mortality in Atlantic salmon smolts following introduction to seacages. Source of infection was not confirmed. Polymerase chain reaction was a useful method of detecting and speciating the genus Mycobacterium in infected stocks.

Applying data mining techniques to the mapping of complex disease genes.

The simulated sequence data for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 were analyzed using data mining techniques provided by SAS ENTERPRISE MINER Release 4.0 in addition to traditional statistical tests for linkage and association of genetic markers with disease status. We examined two ways of combining these approaches to make use of the covariate data along with the genotypic data.

Time trends and ethnic patterns of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Yorkshire, UK.

Against the background of the increasing incidence of many immune mediated childhood conditions, this study aimed to identify recent time trends and ethnic patterns of childhood nephrotic syndrome. A population-based cohort of children (0-15 years) diagnosed according to strict criteria with nephrotic syndrome (NS) was ascertained within the northern UK region of Yorkshire between 1987 and 1998. South Asian ethnicity was assigned based on the child's full name using a dedicated computer algorithm and expert individual checks.

Measurement of intercompartmental fluid shifts during haemodialysis in children.

Seven children (age range 12-19 years, post-dialysis weights 23-43 kg) were studied during 20 haemodialysis sessions. Impedance between wrist and ankle (on the non-fistula side) was recorded using the Xitron 4000B analyser. A 2 ml sample of blood was taken for total protein and haematocrit from the arterial line at the start of dialysis.

Plasma creatinine rises dramatically in the first 48 hours of life in preterm infants.

Objective: Published data show that plasma creatinine falls steadily during the first 28 days of life and that creatinine levels in the neonatal period are higher in more premature infants. However, the best reference data commence on day 2 of life. The objective of this study was to document how plasma creatinine changes in the first 48 hours of life and to examine the reason for the apparently high levels of creatinine in preterm infants, compared with maternal levels.

A review of acute renal failure in children: incidence, etiology and outcome.

We reviewed our experience of children with acute renal failure. St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK is a tertiary referral center that serves a relatively stable regional population (former Yorkshire region). It is a mixed rural and urban population providing a unique profile of the nature of the cases and workload experienced.

Total body water measurement in renal insufficiency.

Total body water was measured in 15 children with renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate < 25 ml/min per 1.73 m2) using deuterium oxide dilution. Total body water was also measured using bioelectrical impedance and skinfold anthropometry in the same 15 children.

Acute renal failure due to xanthine stones.

A 9-month-old child with the skeletal abnormalities of Fuhrmann's syndrome presented with acute renal failure secondary to bilateral renal calculi. Hereditary xanthinuria was shown to be the underlying metabolic defect. Treatment with allopurinol was unsuccessful at reducing the xanthine excretion.