Titanium implant with nanostructured zirconia surface promotes maturation of peri-implant bone in osseointegration.

The goal of the experiment outlined in this article is to improve upon noncemented methods of arthroplasty for clinical application in elderly patients. This was done by determining whether titanium implants with a novel nanostructured zirconia surface, which was created by ion beam-assisted deposition, would prevent impaired osseointegration of intramedullary implants in 1-year-old rats receiving a protein-deficient diet. Specifically, we asked whether the implant with the nanostructured zirconia surface would increase expression of markers of bone maturation within the remodeling of peri-implant woven bone.

Stable expression of Shigella sonnei form I O-polysaccharide genes recombineered into the chromosome of live Salmonella oral vaccine vector Ty21a.

Live, attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty21a, a licensed oral typhoid fever vaccine, has also been employed for use as a vector to deliver protective antigens of Shigella and other pathogens. Importantly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone has been shown to be a potent antigen for specific protection against shigellosis. We reported previously the plasmid cloning of heterologous LPS biosynthetic genes and the expression in Ty21a of either S.

Cronobacter spp. (previously Enterobacter sakazakii) invade and translocate across both cultured human intestinal epithelial cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

The mechanism of Cronobacter pathogenesis in neonatal meningitis and potential virulence factors (aside from host cell invasion ability) remain largely unknown. To ascertain whether Cronobacter can invade and transcytose across intestinal epithelial cells, enter into the blood stream and then transcytose across the blood-brain-barrier, we have utilized human intestinal INT407 and Caco-2 cells and brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) monolayers on Transwell filters as experimental model systems. Our data indicate a wide range of heterogeneity with respect to invasion efficiency among twenty-three Cronobacter isolates screened.