Monitoring Players' Readiness Using Predicted Heart-Rate Responses to Soccer Drills.

Purpose: To examine the ability of multivariate models to predict the heart-rate (HR) responses to some specific training drills from various global positioning system (GPS) variables and to examine the usefulness of the difference in predicted vs actual HR responses as an index of fitness or readiness to perform.

Method: All data were collected during 1 season (2016-17) with players' soccer activity recorded using 5-Hz GPS and internal load monitored using HR. GPS and HR data were analyzed during typical small-sided games and a 4-min standardized submaximal run (12 km·h).

Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Rabbits: An Alternative Model for Studying Induction of Disease and Virus Control.

The economic impact of non-lethal human and equine West Nile virus (WNV) disease is substantial, since it is the most common presentation of the infection. Experimental infection with virulent WNV strains in the mouse and hamster models frequently results in severe neural infection and moderate to high mortality, both of which are not representative features of most human and equine infections. We have established a rabbit model for investigating pathogenesis and immune response of non-lethal WNV infection.

Using a national guideline to prevent and manage pressure ulcers.

Developing pressure ulcers is a painful and distressing event for patients, and one that can be prevented. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence pressure ulcer guideline has recently been updated to cover the prevention and management of this condition. This article focuses on the recommendations that are relevant to nurses, covering areas such as risk assessment, skin assessment, repositioning, pressure-redistributing devices, dressings, patient and carer information, and training and education.

Water balance and salt losses in competitive football.

Fluid balance and sweat electrolyte losses were measured in the players and substitutes engaged in an English Premier League Reserve competitive football match played at an ambient temperature of 6-8 degrees C (relative humidity 50-60%). Intake of water and/or sports drink and urine output were recorded, and sweat composition was estimated from absorbent swabs applied to 4 skin sites for the duration of the game. Body mass was recorded before and after the game.

Energy and carbohydrate for training and recovery.

Soccer players should achieve an energy intake that provides sufficient carbohydrate to fuel the training and competition programme, supplies all nutrient requirements, and allows manipulation of energy or nutrient balance to achieve changes in lean body mass, body fat or growth. Although the traditional culture of soccer has focused on carbohydrate intake for immediate match preparation, top players should adapt their carbohydrate intake on a daily basis to ensure adequate fuel for training and recovery between matches. For players with a mobile playing style, there is sound evidence that dietary programmes that restore and even super-compensate muscle glycogen levels can enhance activity patterns during matches.

Net analyte signal based statistical quality control.

Net analyte signal statistical quality control (NAS-SQC) is a new methodology to perform multivariate product quality monitoring based on the net analyte signal approach. The main advantage of NAS-SQC is that the systematic variation in the product due to the analyte (or property) of interest is separated from the remaining systematic variation due to all other compounds in the matrix. This enhances the ability to flag products out of statistical control.

A procedure for calibration transfer between near-infrared instruments--a worked example using a transmittance single tablet assay for piroxicam in intact tablets.

A procedure was developed for different modes of calibration transfer in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which included a method for the selection of a subset of samples appropriate for transfer. As a worked example, these guidelines were applied to the transfer of a multivariate calibration model, representing a validated NIR single tablet assay for the active within an intact pharmaceutical product, between three equivalent dispersive NIR transmission instruments. Transfer was first evaluated between two instruments, representing the situation where both were available during calibration development.

Fluid and electrolyte intake and loss in elite soccer players during training.

This study measured fluid balance during a 90-min preseason training session in the first team squad (24 players) of an English Premier League football team. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for ingested fluids and urine passed. Sweat composition was measured by collection from patches attached to the skin at 4 sites.

Optimisation of partial least squares regression calibration models in near-infrared spectroscopy: a novel algorithm for wavelength selection.

A novel optimisation algorithm is presented for full spectrum calibration models in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The algorithm is used to investigate the affect of removing continuous spectral regions on parameters critical to the validity of the model (e.g.

Use of near-infrared spectrometry for quantitative determinations of selamectin and moisture in topical formulations.

A rapid near-infrared spectrometric (NIR) method was qualified for use with the quantitative analysis of selamectin and moisture in topical formulations. Selamectin is currently marketed as a pet endectocide and is available in several formulations for cats and dogs. The use of NIR in this investigation replaces the in-process testing by liquid chromatography and concurrently provided moisture content that would otherwise only be available with additional Karl Fischer titration investigations.

Application of transmission near-infrared spectroscopy to uniformity of content testing of intact steroid tablets.

Transmission near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used for the rapid and non-destructive determination of the content of a hormone steroid in single intact tablets. Tablets produced for clinical trial purposes containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg (2.94, 5.

Effect of intermittent high-intensity exercise on gastric emptying in man.

Purpose: The effect on gastric emptying of brief intermittent high-intensity sprints and a moderate-intensity steady-state cycle exercise was studied.

Methods: Eight healthy male subjects were each studied at rest (R), during steady-state exercise at a constant power output corresponding to 66% of their VO(2max) (C66), during intermittent high-intensity exercise at a power output averaging 66% of their VO(2max) (I66), and during intermittent high-intensity exercise at a power output averaging 75% of their VO(2max) (I75). Gastric emptying was measured using the double-sampling gastric aspiration technique.

Non-invasive determination of ethanol, propylene glycol and water in a multi-component pharmaceutical oral liquid by direct measurement through amber plastic bottles using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy.

Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used to quantify rapidly the ethanol (34-49% v/v), propylene glycol (20-35% v/v) and water (11-20% m/m) contents within a multi-component pharmaceutical oral liquid by measurement directly through the amber plastic bottle packaging. Spectra were collected in the range 7302-12,000 cm-1 and calibration models set-up using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression. Reference values for the three components were measured using capillary gas chromatography (ethanol and propylene glycol) and Karl Fischer (water) assay procedures.