Factors Associated with Abusive Head Trauma in Young Children Presenting to Emergency Medical Services Using a Large Language Model.

Objectives: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of death in young children. Analyses of patient characteristics presenting to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are often limited to structured data fields. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLM) may identify rare presentations like AHT through factors not found in structured data.

Object-based feedback attention in convolutional neural networks improves tumour detection in digital pathology.

Human visual attention allows prior knowledge or expectations to influence visual processing, allocating limited computational resources to only that part of the image that are likely to behaviourally important. Here, we present an image recognition system based on biological vision that guides attention to more informative locations within a larger parent image, using a sequence of saccade-like motions. We demonstrate that at the end of the saccade sequence the system has an improved classification ability compared to the convolutional neural network (CNN) that represents the feedforward part of the model.

Experiences of users of period tracking apps: which app, frequency of use, data input and output and attitudes.

Research Question: What are the experiences of users of period tracking apps in relation to which apps they use, their frequency of use, the type of data and their attitudes to period tracking apps?

Design: This was an observational mixed-methods study using an online survey designed using Qualtrics XM. The survey included 50 open-ended and multiple choice questions, but only specific questions were analysed in this study. The survey was promoted via social media for 22 days between 30 June and 21 July 2021.

The exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin is blunted in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular phase following vigorous-intensity exercise.

Unlabelled: Limited work examining woman's appetite-regulatory response to exercise has been focused on the follicular phase (FP) of the menstrual cycle. This is an important limitation as estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) fluctuate across phases with greater concentrations in the luteal phase (LP).

Objective: To examine the appetite-regulatory response to vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICT) in the FP and LP.

Anchor scour from shipping and the defaunation of rocky reefs: A quantitative assessment.

Anchor scour from shipping is increasingly recognised as a global threat to benthic marine biodiversity, yet no replicated ecological assessment exists for any seabed community. Without quantification of impacts to biota, there is substantial uncertainty for maritime stakeholders and managers of the marine estate on how these impacts can be managed or minimised. Our study focuses on a region in SE Australia with a high proportion of mesophotic reef (>30 m), where ships anchor while waiting to enter nearby ports.

Attention-guided sampling for colorectal cancer analysis with digital pathology.

Improvements to patient care through the development of automated image analysis in pathology are restricted by the small image patch size that can be processed by convolutional neural networks (CNNs), when compared to the whole-slide image (WSI). Tile-by-tile processing across the entire WSI is slow and inefficient. While this may improve with future computing power, the technique remains vulnerable to noise from uninformative image areas.

Calcite Kinks Grow via a Multistep Mechanism.

The classical model of crystal growth assumes that kinks grow via a sequence of independent adsorption events where each solute transitions from the solution directly to the crystal lattice site. Here, we challenge this view by showing that some calcite kinks grow via a multistep mechanism where the solute adsorbs to an intermediate site and only transitions to the lattice site upon the adsorption of a second solute. We compute the free energy curves for Ca and CO ions adsorbing to a large selection of kink types, and we identify kinks terminated both by Ca ions and by CO ions that grow in this multistep way.

Calcite Kinetics for Spiral Growth and Two-Dimensional Nucleation.

Calcite crystals grow by means of molecular steps that develop on {10.4} faces. These steps can arise stochastically via two-dimensional (2D) nucleation or emerge steadily from dislocations to form spiral hillocks.

Positively Charged Additives Facilitate Incorporation in Inorganic Single Crystals.

Incorporation of guest additives within inorganic single crystals offers a unique strategy for creating nanocomposites with tailored properties. While anionic additives have been widely used to control the properties of crystals, their effective incorporation remains a key challenge. Here, we show that cationic additives are an excellent alternative for the synthesis of nanocomposites, where they are shown to deliver exceptional levels of incorporation of up to 70 wt % of positively charged amino acids, polymer particles, gold nanoparticles, and silver nanoclusters within inorganic single crystals.

A survey of women's experiences of using period tracker applications: Attitudes, ovulation prediction and how the accuracy of the app in predicting period start dates affects their feelings and behaviours.

Introduction: Using an online survey, the aim of this study was to ask women about their real-life experiences of using period tracker apps, their attitudes towards using their app, the information the app provided regarding ovulation and how the accuracy of the app in predicting period start dates affects their feelings and behaviours if their period comes earlier or later than predicted.

Methods: This mixed-methods observational study was conducted by an online survey of 50 multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The survey was generated with Qualtrics XM and promoted via social media.

Standard-Dose Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma With Leptomeningeal Disease.

Purpose: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Osimertinib is a potent third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with confirmed CNS penetration. This study reports on outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer who developed LMD and were subsequently treated with osimertinib.

Classroom Activity Breaks Improve On-Task Behavior and Physical Activity Levels Regardless of Time of Day.

Classroom physical activity breaks (CAB) are beneficial for increasing children's physical activity (PA) levels as well as the amount of time spent being on-task within the classroom. To examine the effect of CAB at different times within the school day on on-task behavior and PA levels in primary school (grade 1-3) children. Thirty-five children (6 ± 1 y, 22 = male, 13 = female) participated in four conditions in a randomized order: morning (AM), afternoon (PM), morning and afternoon (BOTH), and no CAB (CTRL).

Embedding assessment of liver fibrosis into routine diabetic review in primary care.

Background & Aims: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at high risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis. Screening patients with T2DM and normal liver enzymes for NAFLD in primary care remains contentious. Our aim was to develop and assess a primary care pathway integrating two-tier (Fib-4 then transient elastography [TE]) liver fibrosis assessment, irrespective of aetiology, into routine annual review of all patients with T2DM.

The Convergent Validity of the electronic Frailty Index (eFI) with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

Different scales are being used to measure frailty. This study examined the convergent validity of the electronic Frailty Index (eFI) with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The cross-sectional study recruited patients from three regional community nursing teams in the South East of England.

Coexisting with sharks: a novel, socially acceptable and non-lethal shark mitigation approach.

Conflict between humans and large predators is a longstanding challenge that can present negative consequences for humans and wildlife. Sharks have a global distribution and are considered to pose a potential threat to humans; concurrently many shark species are themselves threatened. Developing strategies for coexistence between humans and this keystone group is imperative.

Anchor and chain scour as disturbance agents in benthic environments: trends in the literature and charting a course to more sustainable boating and shipping.

Millions of recreational boats and ~ 65,000 ocean-going merchant ships anchor routinely. Anchor and chain scour associated with these vessels mechanically disturb the seabed having implications for marine environments globally. Our review summarises the scientific literature that examines the response of biota to anchor scour across five habitats; unvegetated sediments; seagrass; rhodolith beds; coral and rocky reefs.

The right place at the right time: Aurora B kinase localization to centromeres and kinetochores.

The fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis is intimately linked to the function of kinetochores, which are large protein complexes assembled at sites of centromeric heterochromatin on mitotic chromosomes. These key "orchestrators" of mitosis physically connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules and transduce forces through these connections to congress chromosomes and silence the spindle assembly checkpoint. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are highly regulated to ensure that incorrect attachments are not prematurely stabilized, but instead released and corrected.

Magnesium-rich nanoprecipitates in calcite: atomistic mechanisms responsible for toughening in Ophiocoma wendtii.

The brittlestar Ophiocoma wendtii is theorised to employ a technique already used in metallurgy in order to optimise the mechanical properties of calcitic microlenses within their skeletons. These microlenses contain arrays of Mg-rich nanoprecipitates, which are proposed to inhibit crack propagation through the compression of the local host lattice. Here, we employ classical molecular dynamics in order to study the effects of Mg-rich nanoprecipitates on lattice strain, stress distributions and crack propagation in calcite.

Aurora B kinase is recruited to multiple discrete kinetochore and centromere regions in human cells.

Aurora B kinase has a critical role in regulating attachments between kinetochores and spindle microtubules during mitosis. Early in mitosis, kinase activity at kinetochores is high to promote attachment turnover, and in later mitosis, activity decreases to ensure attachment stabilization. Aurora B localizes prominently to inner centromeres, and a population of the kinase is also detected at kinetochores.

Structures of immature EIAV Gag lattices reveal a conserved role for IP6 in lentivirus assembly.

Retrovirus assembly is driven by the multidomain structural protein Gag. Interactions between the capsid domains (CA) of Gag result in Gag multimerization, leading to an immature virus particle that is formed by a protein lattice based on dimeric, trimeric, and hexameric protein contacts. Among retroviruses the inter- and intra-hexamer contacts differ, especially in the N-terminal sub-domain of CA (CANTD).

Hydroxyl-rich macromolecules enable the bio-inspired synthesis of single crystal nanocomposites.

Acidic macromolecules are traditionally considered key to calcium carbonate biomineralisation and have long been first choice in the bio-inspired synthesis of crystalline materials. Here, we challenge this view and demonstrate that low-charge macromolecules can vastly outperform their acidic counterparts in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Using gold nanoparticles functionalised with low charge, hydroxyl-rich proteins and homopolymers as growth additives, we show that extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles can be incorporated within calcite single crystals, while maintaining the continuity of the lattice and the original rhombohedral morphologies of the crystals.

The effects of a pre-exercise meal on postexercise metabolism following a session of sprint interval training.

Sprint interval training (SIT) has demonstrated reductions in fat mass through potential alterations in postexercise metabolism. This study examined whether exercising in the fasted or fed state affects postexercise metabolism following acute SIT. Ten active males performed a bout of modified SIT (8 × 15-s sprints; 120 s recovery) in both a fasted (FAST) and fed (FED) state.

Use of clinical quality indicators to improve lung cancer care in a regional/rural network of health services.

Problem: Optimal lung cancer care requires multidisciplinary team input, with access to specialised diagnostic and therapeutic services that may be limited in rural or regional areas and impact clinical outcomes. Clinical quality indicators can be used to measure the quality of care delivered to patients with lung cancer in a region and identify areas for improvement. We describe the implementation of internationally recognised clinical quality indicators for lung cancer care in the Barwon South Western region.