Dynamic CRRT Prescription for Complicated Critically Ill Patient: A Case Report.

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) and sequential extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) therapies can be used in patients with severe COVID-19 disease to support kidney failure and restore immune homeostasis. EBP prescription should be based on the patient's clinical needs and frequently re-evaluated during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Personalization of treatment at the bedside plays a fundamental role for patient recovery.

Transition from Transbronchial Forceps to Cryobiopsy After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Centre Experience.

The gold standard for histological acute cellular rejection diagnosis is transbronchial forceps biopsy (FB), but in recent years, transbronchial cryobiopsy (CB) has been increasingly used. This study aims to compare the diagnostic rate and safety of FBs and CBs performed in two different periods. We retrospectively reviewed our case history for the two biopsy procedures: 251 FBs (223 for surveillance purposes and 28 for clinical indication) and 218 consecutive CBs (159 for surveillance purposes and 59 for clinical indication).

Optimization of Experimental Infection of the Animal Model Linnaeus 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with the Gram-Positive Bacterium .

The aim of this work was to develop an experimental protocol for the infection of with Gram-positive bacteria. Some physiological characteristics of these insects are comparable to those of vertebrates, therefore allowing the replacement of mammals in the preclinical phases of drug development. Linnaeus 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is accepted as an alternative model for the study of infectious diseases.

Lung donor bronchoalveolar lavage positivity: Incidence, risk factors, and lung transplant recipients' outcome.

Background: Inconsistent data exists regarding the risk factors for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) positivity in lung donors, the incidence of donor-derived infections (DDI), and the effect of BAL positivity on lung transplant (LuTx) recipients' outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive LuTx at a single center from January 2016 to December 2022. Donors' data, including characteristics, graft function and BAL samples were collected pre-procurement.

The Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in critically ill COVID-19 patients and is associated with a higher mortality risk. By increasing intrathoracic pressure, positive pressure ventilation (PPV) may reduce renal perfusion pressure by reducing venous return to the heart or by increasing renal venous congestion. This study's aim was to evaluate the association between AKI and haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters in COVID-19 patients with ARDS.

Ruthenium(II)-Arene Curcuminoid Complexes as Photosensitizer Agents for Antineoplastic and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer/antibacterial strategy in which photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen generate reactive oxygen species and induce cell death. PDT presents greater selectivity towards tumor cells than conventional chemotherapy; however, PSs have limitations that have prompted the search for new molecules featuring more favorable chemical-physical characteristics. Curcumin and its derivatives have been used in PDT.

The Role of Cell Cycle Arrest Biomarkers for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Observational Study.

Objectives: Patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a high risk for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) which is associated with an increased risk of death and persistent renal failure. Early prediction of AKI is crucial in order to implement preventive strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive performance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 and insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (TIMP-2) × (IGFBP7) in critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS.

Preliminary Toxicity Evaluation of a Porphyrin Photosensitizer in an Alternative Preclinical Model.

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizer (PS) excited with a specific wavelength, and in the presence of oxygen, gives rise to photochemical reactions that lead to cell damage. Over the past few years, larval stages of the moth have proven to be an excellent alternative animal model for in vivo toxicity testing of novel compounds and virulence testing. In this article, we report a series of preliminary studies on larvae to evaluate the photoinduced stress response by a porphyrin (PS) (TPPOH).

Entomopathogenic potential of bacteria associated with soil-borne nematodes and insect immune responses to their infection.

Soil-borne nematodes establish close associations with several bacterial species. Whether they confer benefits to their hosts has been investigated in only a few nematode-bacteria systems. Their ecological function, therefore, remains poorly understood.

The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae.

Global climate change is allowing the invasion of insect pests into new areas without natural competitors and/or predators. The dipteran Drosophila suzukii has invaded both the Americas and Europe, becoming a serious problem for fruit crops. Control methods for this pest are still based on the use of pesticides, but less invasive and more sustainable methods, such as biocontrol, are needed.

Extent and Distribution of Parenchymal Abnormalities in Baseline CT-Scans Do Not Predict Awake Prone Positioning Response in COVID-19 Related ARDS.

Unlabelled: Prone positioning is frequently used for non-intubated hypoxemic patients with COVID-19, although conclusive evidence is still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether baseline CT-scans could predict the improvement in oxygenation in COVID-19 related Acute respira-tory syndrome (ARDS) patients when pronated.

Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients who underwent non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and prone positioning was conducted.

Insights Into the Immune Response of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Bacteria.

In insects, a complex and effective immune system that can be rapidly activated by a plethora of stimuli has evolved. Although the main cellular and humoral mechanisms and their activation pathways are highly conserved across insects, the timing and the efficacy of triggered immune responses can differ among different species. In this scenario, an insect deserving particular attention is the black soldier fly (BSF), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains.

The global spread of multi-resistant pathogens responsible for infections, which cannot be treated with existing drugs such as antibiotics, is of particular concern. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and drug resistance is leading to more difficult-to-treat infections; therefore, new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity are needed and new alternative sources should be found. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are synthesized by processes typical of the innate immune system and are present in almost all organisms.

Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of , and Its Secondary Metabolites.

, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is a serious economic issue for thin-skinned fruit farmers. The invasion of this dipteran is mainly counteracted by chemical control methods; however, it would be desirable to replace them with biological control. All assays were performed with (Bt), (Xn), and Xn secretions, administered orally in single or combination, then larval lethality was assessed at different times.

Susceptibility of Drosophila suzukii larvae to the combined administration of the entomopathogens Bacillus thuringiensis and Steinernema carpocapsae.

Non-native pests are often responsible for serious crop damage. Since Drosophila suzukii has invaded North America and Europe, the global production of soft, thin-skinned fruits has suffered severe losses. The control of this dipteran by pesticides, although commonly used, is not recommended because of the negative impact on the environment and human health.

Microthrombi as a Major Cause of Cardiac Injury in COVID-19: A Pathologic Study.

Background: Cardiac injury is common in patients who are hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and portends poorer prognosis. However, the mechanism and the type of myocardial damage associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a systematic pathological analysis of 40 hearts from hospitalized patients dying of COVID-19 in Bergamo, Italy, to determine the pathological mechanisms of cardiac injury.

Pathological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 as a Cause of Myocarditis: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

To investigate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced myocarditis constitutes an important mechanism of cardiac injury, a review was conducted of the published data and the authors' experience was added from autopsy examination of 16 patients dying of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Myocarditis is an uncommon pathologic diagnosis occurring in 4.5% of highly selected cases undergoing autopsy or endomyocardial biopsy.

When Appearance Misleads: The Role of the Entomopathogen Surface in the Relationship with Its Host.

Currently, potentially harmful insects are controlled mainly by chemical synthetic insecticides, but environmental emergencies strongly require less invasive control techniques. The use of biological insecticides in the form of entomopathogenic organisms is undoubtedly a fundamental resource for the biological control of insect pests in the future. These infectious agents and endogenous parasites generally act by profoundly altering the host's physiology to death, but their success is closely related to the neutralization of the target insect's immune response.

A Silkworm Infection Model for In Vivo Study of Glycopeptide Antibiotics.

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are drugs of last resort for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria. They inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly by binding to the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors, leading to cell lysis Vancomycin and teicoplanin are first generation GPAs, while dalbavancin is one of the few, recently approved, second generation GPAs. In this paper, we developed an in vivo insect model to compare, for the first time, the efficacy of these three GPAs in curing infection.

Immune Response of Larvae to Infection with the Nematobacterial Complex .

Entomopathogenic nematodes have been proposed as biological agents for the control of , an invasive pest of small-stone and soft-skinned fruits. Larvae of the fly are susceptible to infection but the reaction of immune defenses of the host are unknown. To determine the immune response, larvae were infected with and to evaluate the effector mechanisms of both humoral and cellular processes.

Susceptibility to entomopathogens and modulation of basal immunity in two insect models at different temperatures.

In this work, we analysed the efficacy of different commercial bio-insecticides (Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Bacillus thuringiensis) by valuating the mortality induced on two insect models, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and Sarcophaga africa (Diptera) after exposure to different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C). Moreover, we investigated the effects of temperature on the basal humoral immunity of the two target insects; particularly, phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme activity. Our results show that G.