Multifaceted Hidden Catalysis Revealed by Mechanistic Analysis of FeBr3-Catalysed Arene Borylation.

Arene borylation reactions provide direct access to aryl organoboranes, including aryl boronic esters. Precious metals, namely Ir, Rh, Pt, remain the go-to for metal-catalysed borylation reactions, however, significant efforts have been expended in developing Earth-abundant metal alternatives. The iron-catalysed borylation of 2-aryl pyridine derivatives with 9-borabicyclo[3.

Investigating the Impact of Additional Congenital Malformations on Speech Outcomes at age Five in Children with a Cleft Palate.

Objective: To determine whether children born with a cleft palate ± lip (CP ± L) and additional congenital differences (ACDs - including 'Congenital malformations and deformations' as coded in ICD-10), are less likely to meet the three national speech outcome standards at age five compared to children with CP ± L and no ACDs.

Design: An observational study, utilizing national data from the UK Cleft Registry and Audit NEtwork (CRANE) Database linked to national administrative data of hospital admissions.

Setting: National Health Service, England.

CO Laser-labeling on Fresh Produce: Evaluating Postharvest Quality, Microbial Safety, and Economic Analysis.

Fresh produce is traditionally labeled with plastic price lookup (PLU) stickers that are attached to the produce surface using edible glue. However, both the stickers and glue are environmental contaminants, and the stickers can still easily detach from the produce surface during handling and disrupt traceability. An alternative method of labeling, the CO laser-labeling technology (LLT), has been gaining attention in recent years.

Evaluation of Parasight All-in-One system for the automated enumeration of helminth ova in canine and feline feces.

Background:  Digital imaging combined with deep-learning-based computational image analysis is a growing area in medical diagnostics, including parasitology, where a number of automated analytical devices have been developed and are available for use in clinical practice.

Methods: The performance of Parasight All-in-One (AIO), a second-generation device, was evaluated by comparing it to a well-accepted research method (mini-FLOTAC) and to another commercially available test (Imagyst). Fifty-nine canine and feline infected fecal specimens were quantitatively analyzed by all three methods.

Relative egg extraction efficiencies of manual and automated fecal egg count methods in equines.

The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology recently released new recommendations for the design of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests for livestock. These provide suggestions as to the number of animals to be sampled and the minimum number of eggs that must be counted to produce statistically meaningful results. One of the considerations for study design is the multiplication factor of the FEC method to be used; methods with lower multiplication factors require fewer animals to be sampled because they are presumed to count more eggs per test.

The impact of a statewide insulin copay cap policy for insured patients with diabetes in Utah.

Background: Insulin affordability is a huge concern for patients with diabetes in the United States. On March 30, 2020, Utah signed House Bill 207 into law, aimed at capping copayments for insulin at $30 for a 30-day supply. The bill was enacted on January 1, 2021.

Parascaris spp. eggs shedding patterns in juvenile horses.

Parascaris spp. infect foals worldwide and foals typically shed eggs in the feces from about three to six months of age, upon which natural immunity is incurred. High levels of anthelmintic resistance of Parascaris spp.

Rapid, automated quantification of Haemonchus contortus ova in sheep faecal samples.

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic nematodes affecting small ruminants globally and is responsible for large economic losses in the sheep and goat industry. Anthelmintic resistance is rampant in this parasite and thus parasite control programs must account for drug efficacy on individual farms and, sometimes, whether H. contortus is the most prevalent trichostrongylid.

Developing a Decision-making Tool for Agricultural Surface Water Decontamination Using Ultraviolet-C Light.

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light-assisted water treatment systems are an increasingly investigated alternative to chemical sanitizers for agricultural surface water decontamination. However, the relatively high concentration of particulate matter in surface water is a major challenge to expanding its application in the production of fresh produce. The objective of this project was to test the efficacy of two commercial UV-C devices to reduce the microbial risk of agricultural water in order to develop a web application to assist growers in decision-making related to the on-farm implementation of UV-C technologies for agricultural water treatment.

"A patient should not have to ask": Women's experiences of patient education about preconception care for type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To characterize perspectives and experiences regarding preconception care (PCC) patient education among women with type 2 diabetes.

Method: Descriptive, qualitative research design. Thirty-two English-speaking women with type 2 diabetes identifying as Black and/or Latina, ages 18-40 years old, participated.

Understanding patient cost-sharing thresholds for diabetes treatment attributes via a discrete choice experiment.

The process used to prefer certain products across drug classes for diabetes is generally focused on comparative effectiveness and cost. However, payers rarely tie patient preference for treatment attributes to formulary management resulting in a misalignment of value defined by providers, payers, and patients. To explore patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for the predetermined high-value and low-value type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments within a health plan.

Contraceptive stockouts in Western Kenya: a mixed-methods mystery client study.

Background: The prevalence of modern contraception use is higher in Kenya than in most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The uptake has however slowed down in recent years, which, among other factors, has been attributed to challenges in the supply chain and increasing stockouts of family planning commodities. Research on the frequency of contraceptive stockouts and its consequences for women in Kenya is still limited and mainly based on facility audits.

Provider verbal disrespect in the provision of family planning in public-sector facilities in Western Kenya.

Public-sector healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries are a primary source of family planning but their disrespectful (i.e., demeaning or insulting) treatment of family planning clients may impede free contraceptive choice.

'We tend to prioritise others and forget ourselves': How women's caregiving responsibilities can facilitate or impede diabetes self-management.

Aim: The objective of the parent study was to examine attitudes and experiences regarding counselling about preconception care among Black and/or Latina women in the United States with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we present emergent findings from a secondary analysis of caregiving.

Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, we used conventional content analysis to identify themes from semi-structured interviews with 32 Black and/or Latina women ages 18-40 who have T2DM in the United States recruited from online platforms and snowball sampling.

Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in sexual minority women from the National Survey of Family Growth.

Background: Few studies have examined how multiple marginalized identities are associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, especially for Black and Hispanic sexual minority women. Sexual minorities are people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in adverse pregnancy (i.

Factors influencing the conduction of confidential conversations with adolescents in the emergency department: A multicenter, qualitative analysis.

Background: Health care providers (HCPs) in the emergency department (ED) frequently must decide whether to conduct or forego confidential conversations with adolescent patients about sensitive topics, such as those related to mental health, substance use, and sexual and reproductive health. The objective of this multicenter qualitative analysis was to identify factors that influence the conduct of confidential conversations with adolescent patients in the ED.

Methods: In this qualitative study, we conducted semistructured interviews of ED HCPs from five academic, pediatric EDs in distinct geographic regions.

Findings from a mixed-methods journey map study of barriers to family planning in western Kenya.

Our objective was to map and prioritize barriers to high-quality family planning care in western Kenya. We conducted key informant interviews ( = 19); focus group discussions with clients ( = 55); mystery client visits ( = 180); unannounced visitors ( = 120); and direct observation of client-provider interactions ( = 256) at public facilities offering family planning. We synthesized the data into a client and a provider journey map, which we used to facilitate client ( = 9) and provider ( = 12) discussions.

Iron-catalysed alkene and heteroarene H/D exchange by reversible protonation of iron-hydride intermediates.

C-H functionalisation reactions offer a sustainable method for molecular construction and diversification. These reactions however remain dominated by precious metal catalysis. While significant interest in iron-catalysed C-H activation reactions has emerged, the isolation, characterisation and mechanistic understanding of these processes remain lacking.

Frequency and impact of long wait times for family planning in public-sector healthcare facilities in Western Kenya.

Background: Long wait times for family planning services are a barrier to high quality care and client satisfaction. Existing literature examining family planning wait times has methodological limitations, as most studies use data collected during exit interviews, which are subject to recall, courtesy, and selection bias.

Objective: We sought to employ a mixed methods approach to capture the prevalence, length, causes, and impacts of wait times for family planning services in Western Kenya.

Contraceptive method denial as downward contraceptive coercion: A mixed-methods mystery client study in Western Kenya.

Objective: This study uses mixed methods to quantify the frequency of method denial in Western Kenya and describe how this barrier impacts contraceptive access.

Study Design: We estimate the frequency of method denial using data from mystery clients deployed to 57 randomly selected public-sector facilities located in Western Kenya. These quantitative data are triangulated with data from 8 focus group discussions, 19 key informant interviews, and 2 journey mapping workshops with contraception clients and providers.

Investigating the Impact of Patient-Related Factors on Speech Outcomes at 5 Years of Age in Children With a Cleft Palate.

To investigate the relationship between patient-related factors (sex, cleft type, cleft extent, and Robin Sequence [RS]) and speech outcome at 5 years of age for children born with a cleft palate ±  lip (CP ± L). 3157 Children (1426 female:1731 male) with a nonsyndromic CP ± L, born between 2006 and 2014 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Perceptual speech analysis utilized the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented (CAPS-A) rating and UK National Speech Outcome Standards: Speech Standard 1 (SS1)-speech within the normal range, SS2a-no structurally related speech difficulties or history of speech surgery, and SS3-speech without significant cleft-related articulation difficulties.

Absenteeism among family planning providers: a mixed-methods study in western Kenya.

Public-sector healthcare providers are on the frontline of family planning service delivery in low- and middle-income countries like Kenya, yet research suggests public-sector providers are frequently absent. The current prevalence of absenteeism in Western Kenya, as well as the impact on family planning clients, is unknown. The objective of this paper is to quantify the prevalence of public-sector healthcare provider absenteeism in this region of Kenya, to describe the potential impact on family planning uptake and to source locally grounded solutions to provider absenteeism.

mHealth Interventions for Contraceptive Behavior Change in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Ensuring people have access to their preferred method of contraception can be key for meeting their reproductive goals. A growing number of mHealth interventions show promise for improving access to contraception, but no literature review has identified the effects of mHealth interventions among both adolescents and adults in the United States. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the format, theoretical basis, and impact of mHealth interventions for contraceptive behavior change (contraceptive initiation and continuation) among people of all ages in the US.