Non-Linear Relation Between Upper Arm Volume and Maximal Effort Force Production.

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between maximal effort force production and anthropometric measures of upper arm volume. Thirty healthy young participants (15 women) performed five isokinetic concentric and eccentric maximal-effort elbow flexor/extensor contractions, on separate days. Measures of arm length, circumference, and skinfold/subcutaneous fat thickness were used to obtain a measure of arm volume, modeled as two separate right-angle frustra.

Contraction mode and intensity effects on elbow antagonist muscle co-activation.

Introduction: Agonist muscle contraction mode and intensity effects on antagonist co-activation was examined between men and women.

Methods: Fifteen healthy young men (mean ± standard deviation age = 24.9 ± 4.