Salivary microbiome differences in prepubertal children with and without adrenal androgen excess.

Background: Premature adrenarche is a condition of childhood adrenal androgen excess (AAE) in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent puberty, and has been linked to insulin resistance and progression to metabolic syndrome. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with progression of inflammatory states and chronic diseases. Here, we aimed to examine the salivary microbiomes of children with AAE and assess the relationship with adrenal androgens and metabolic parameters.

The Unique Role of 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids in Both Premature Adrenarche and Premature Pubarche.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown 11-oxygenated androgens (11oAs) are the dominant androgens in premature adrenarche (PA). Our objective was to compare 11oAs and conventional androgens in a well-defined cohort of children with PA or premature pubarche (PP) and correlate these androgens with metabolic markers.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital.

Familial X-Linked Acrogigantism: Postnatal Outcomes and Tumor Pathology in a Prenatally Diagnosed Infant and His Mother.

Context: X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), a condition of infant-onset acrogigantism marked by elevated GH, IGF-1, and prolactin (PRL), is extremely rare. Thirty-three cases, including three kindreds, have been reported. These patients have pituitary adenomas that are thought to be mixed lactotrophs and somatotrophs.

Thyroid Ultrasound: More Sensitive than Radioactive Iodine Imaging in Detecting Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Two Pediatric Patients.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an uncommon pediatric disease with an excellent prognosis. In follow-up surveillance, neck ultrasound (US), basal and thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and diagnostic whole-body radioactive iodine scans (DxWBS) have been traditionally used in both adults and children for the detection of recurrence or metastases of PTC.

Methods: Two pediatric patients with metastatic PTC were followed after standard ablative treatment with routine neck US and serum Tg levels, as well as periodic DxWBS.