Unilateral Duplication of the Internal Auditory Canal: Stenosis and Incomplete Transverse Megacrest in a Pediatric Patient.

Based on the available literature, duplicated internal auditory canals (DIACs) represent an exceedingly rare temporal bone anomaly that can result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the pediatric population. Often associated with a hypoplastic or aplastic cochlear nerve, DIAC poses limitations on treatment options, such as cochlear implants, for affected patients. Accurate diagnosis and optimal management necessitate a thorough assessment of inner ear structures and potential neural abnormalities with high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bones.

The effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome on fibrocystic breast changes in postmenopausal women.

Background: Fibrocystic breast changes (FCCs) are benign lesions thought to be caused by an increased estrogen-to-progesterone ratio. One of the most common endocrinopathies that increases this ratio is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although nonproliferative FCCs do not increase the risk of breast cancer, they can make mammographic detection of malignancy in postmenopausal women more difficult.

Statin Therapy and Pancreatitis: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction:  Acute pancreatitis is a serious condition that has numerous etiologies and often requires hospital admission due to its high mortality rates. Statins are used worldwide to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown an association between long-term statin use and acute pancreatitis.

Rare Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Breast Presenting as a Solitary Breast Mass in a 43-Year-Old Male.

Primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) is an extremely rare lesion that carries a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the patient's medical history, clinical presentation, and histopathology considering this diagnosis. The rarity of this lesion has made it difficult to identify classic presentations or specific treatment guidelines.

Mucocele-Like Lesion of the Breast.

Mucocele-like lesions (MLLs) of the breast are rare neoplasms characterized by dilated, mucin-filled epithelial ducts or cysts that can rupture and expel their contents into the surrounding stroma. They are frequently associated with atypia, dysplastic change, and, more recently, pre-malignant and malignant conditions like atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, or mucinous carcinoma. The malignant potential of MLLs is often challenging to determine from the initial histologic evaluation of a core-needle biopsy due to copious mucin and low cellularity.

An Interesting Imaging Presentation of a Common Benign Entity: Fibrocystic Changes in a Postmenopausal Patient.

Fibrocystic changes (FCCs) are common, often benign, breast lesions characterized by adenosis, fibrosis, and cyst formation. These changes are believed to be associated with fluctuating hormone levels and are predominantly found in premenopausal women due to higher levels of estrogen. Certain conditions that cause hormonal imbalances, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, have also been associated with an increased risk of FCCs.