Community-based physical and social activity for older adults with mild frailty: a rapid qualitative study of a collaborative intervention pilot.

Background: Intervening to modify frailty trajectories may be critical to maintain health and independence in later life. The Active Ageing Programme (AAP) is a 16-week community-based intervention for older people with mild frailty that combines physical activity and social interaction. The programme aims to positively impact resilience and wellbeing, changing the physical, mental and social factors that impact on frailty trajectories.

Intersecting social relations of care: a protocol for an ethnographic and interview study with South Asian people ageing in place with dementia.

Introduction: People living at home with dementia are often cared for by family members, especially those from minority ethnic groups. Many people living with dementia from minority ethnic communities face barriers to accessing formal care. However, there is a paucity of dementia research, which foregrounds diversity within minority ethnic populations.

Intervention design for artificial intelligence-enabled macular service implementation: a primary qualitative study.

Background: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the largest single-disease contributors to hospital outpatient appointments. Challenges in finding the clinical capacity to meet this demand can lead to sight-threatening delays in the macular services that provide treatment. Clinical artificial intelligence (AI) technologies pose one opportunity to rebalance demand and capacity in macular services.

Phage Hunting in the High School Classroom: Phage Isolation and Characterization.

National science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education emphasizes science practices, such as hands-on learning. We describe a week-long activity where students participate in real-world scientific discovery, including "hunting" for bacteriophage in a variety of environmental samples. First, the students collect samples, then look for evidence of phage on "bait" bacteria, and finally amplify/purify the phages for further study.

"Successful" ageing in later older age: A sociology of class and ageing in place.

Supporting people to 'age in place' - to live independently at home and remain connected to the community - is an international policy priority. But the process of ageing in place is mediated in a socio-cultural context where neoliberal tropes of successful ageing reproduce a pervasive model about 'ageing well' by elevating ideals of individualised choice and self-governance. Based on two waves of qualitative interviews and interim observations, we employ a Bourdieusian logic to explore the ramifications of this context on the experiences of 46 people in later older age (80+) ageing in place in North East England.

Care Home Safety Incidents and Safeguarding Reports Relating to Hospital to Care Home Transitions: A Retrospective Content Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to further the understanding of reported patient safety events at the interface between hospital and care home including what active failings and latent conditions were present and how reporting helped learning.

Methods: Two care home organizations, one in the North East and one in the South West of England, participated in the study. Reports relating to a transition and where a patient safety event had occurred were sought during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus prepandemic and intrapandemic periods.

Systematic review of types of safety incidents and the processes and systems used for safety incident reporting in care homes.

Aims: To identify the safety incident reporting systems and processes used within care homes to capture staff reports of safety incidents, and the types and characteristics of safety incidents captured by safety incident reporting systems.

Design: Systematic review following PRISMA reporting guidelines.

Methods: Databases were searched January 2023 for studies published after year 2000, written in English, focus on care homes and incident reporting systems.

'It's where I belong': what does it mean to age in place from the perspective of people aged 80 and above? A longitudinal qualitative study (wave one).

Background: Most people want to remain at home as they age. Ageing in place - remaining at home and connected to the community - is a national and international policy priority; however, to better understand how policy might be implemented, a more nuanced understanding is required about older adults' lived experiences of ageing in place, especially the experiences of those aged 80 and above.

Objective: To describe and explore the social processes which enable ageing in place from the perspective of community-dwelling older people (80+).

The domestication of remote monitoring: The materialisation of care?

Recent years have seen an influx of technologies aimed at enabling older people to remain at home. Remote monitoring is one such technology. By tracking the body as it moves through time and space, remote monitoring enables a care connection which transcends the physical boundaries of the home.

The impact of antenatal and postnatal indoor air pollution or tobacco smoke exposure on lung function at 3 years in an African birth cohort.

Background And Objective: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) are global health concerns contributing to the burden of childhood respiratory disease. Studies assessing the effects of IAP and ETS in preschool children are limited. We assessed the impact of antenatal and postnatal IAP and ETS exposure on lung function in a South African birth cohort, the Drakenstein Child Health Study.

Longitudinal assessment of pharmacy student well-being using the well-being index and 5 gears assessment.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of pharmacy student well-being during the first 2 years of their didactic education utilizing the Well-being Index (WBI) and 5 Gears assessment.

Methods: WBI and 5 Gears data were tracked monthly for first- and second-year students enrolled at the Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy from September 2019 to March 2022. Data were collected through monthly RedCap surveys, then de-identified and separated into 4 study cohorts (A-D).

Why do Integrated Maternal HIV and Infant Healthcare Services work? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Africa.

In a randomised trial, we found that integrated maternal HIV and infant health services through the end of breastfeeding were significantly associated with the primary outcome of engagement in HIV care and viral suppression at 12 months postpartum, compared to the standard of care. Here, we quantitatively explore potential psychosocial modifiers and mediators of this association. Our findings suggest that the intervention was significantly more effective among women experiencing an unintended pregnancy but did not improve outcomes among women reporting risky alcohol use.

Perinatal alcohol use among young women living with HIV in South Africa: Context, experiences, and implications for interventions.

Perinatal alcohol use is common in South Africa, including among young women living with HIV (WLHIV), but there are few insights into the drivers of alcohol use in this population. Following the completion of a pilot trial of a peer support intervention for WLHIV aged 16-24 years in Cape Town, we purposively selected participants who had reported perinatal alcohol use at ≥1 study visits to complete a qualitative in-depth interview exploring their experiences of substance use. Of 119 women enrolled, 28 reported alcohol use, and 24 were interviewed, with ≥1/3 reporting drinking throughout their pregnancy.

Safety and efficacy of an artificial intelligence-enabled decision tool for treatment decisions in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and an exploration of clinical pathway integration and implementation: protocol for a multi-methods validation study.

Introduction: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) management is one of the largest single-disease contributors to hospital outpatient appointments. Partial automation of nAMD treatment decisions could reduce demands on clinician time. Established artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled retinal imaging analysis tools, could be applied to this use-case, but are not yet validated for it.

Socioecological predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that over 800,000 global neonatal deaths each year are attributed to deviations from recommended best practices in infant feeding. Identifying factors promoting ideal breastfeeding practices may facilitate efforts to decrease neonatal and infant death rates and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030. Though numerous studies have identified the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of childhood undernutrition, infection and illness, and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, no studies have explored predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia, where undernutrition is widespread.

The association between multimorbidity and mobility disability-free life expectancy in adults aged 85 years and over: A modelling study in the Newcastle 85+ cohort.

Background: Mobility disability is predictive of further functional decline and can itself compromise older people's capacity (and preference) to live independently. The world's population is also ageing, and multimorbidity is the norm in those aged ≥85. What is unclear in this age group, is the influence of multimorbidity on (a) transitions in mobility disability and (b) mobility disability-free life expectancy (mobDFLE).

HIV-related stigma, disclosure and social support: experiences among young pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa.

Young pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at high risk of poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes, which may be driven partly by HIV-related stigma. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 pregnant and postpartum WLHIV aged 19-24 years to understand how different forms of HIV-related stigma manifest in their lives, as well as their experiences of HIV-status disclosure and social support. Participants described profound levels of perceived stigma in their community, including gossip from other young women and judgement from older adults.

Second harmonic generation microscopy of otoconia.

The origin of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal in otoconia was investigated. SHG signal intensity from otoconia was compared to pure calcite crystals, given calcite is the primary component of otoconia and is known to emit surface SHG. The SHG intensity from calcite was found to be ∼41× weaker than the SHG intensity from otoconia signifying that the SHG signal from otoconia is likely generated from the organic matrix.

Describing transitions in residential status over 10 years in the very old: results from the Newcastle 85+ Study.

Background: the very old (aged ≥ 85) are the fastest growing subpopulation of many developed countries but little is known about how their place of residence changes over time. We investigated transitions in residential status in an inception cohort of 85-year-olds over 10 years.

Methods: data were drawn from the Newcastle 85+ Study, a population-based longitudinal study of individuals aged 85 in 2006 (i.

Rescued back from extinction in the wild: past, present and future of the genetics of the Arabian oryx in Oman.

The Arabian oryx was the first species to be rescued from extinction in the wild by the concerted efforts of captive programmes in zoos and private collections around the world. Reintroduction efforts have used two main sources: the 'World Herd', established at the Phoenix Zoo, and private collections in Saudi Arabia. The breeding programme at the Al-Wusta Wildlife Reserve (WWR) in Oman has played a central role in the rescue of the oryx.

Mental health and ART adherence among adolescents living with HIV in Mozambique.

Little is known about the mental health needs of adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) in Mozambique, including the potential relationship between mental health challenges and poor antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence. We examined mental health problems (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms and impairment) and their association with self-reported ART adherence among ALWH ages 15-19 in Nampula, Mozambique. The associations between each mental health problem area and sub-optimal adherence were estimated using logistic regression, controlling for age, education, and social support, with interaction by gender.

Living the everyday of dementia friendliness: Navigating care in public spaces.

Dementia friendly communities are a priority for international policymaking aimed at tackling the social exclusion of people living with dementia. However, what constitutes a dementia friendly community is not well defined nor understood. In this article, we explore what constitutes the enactment of care in a dementia friendly community, focusing on commercial, leisure public places.