Unveiling cryptic macroinvertebrate sentinels to enhance biomonitoring in tropical rivers: Bridging traditional approaches with DNA barcoding in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Human activities present significant threats to tropical freshwater ecosystems, notably in many global biodiversity hotspots, threats that are further increased by inadequate taxonomic knowledge and the lack of appropriate biomonitoring tools. This study integrates globally validated biomonitoring approaches with DNA-based identification methods to create a macroinvertebrate-based tool for diagnosing ecosystem health and assessing the biodiversity of tropical river ecosystems in Myanmar (Indo-Burma bioregion). To evaluate river site degradation, comprehensive data on water and habitat quality, as well as land use information, were collected.

Combining Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Peripapillary Fluid as Biomarkers in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To determine if paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and peripapillary intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF/SRF) could help distinguish between arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A-AION) and nonarteritic AION (NA-AION) at an early stage.

Design: Nested prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

Methods: This study used single-center optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from 8 patients with A-AION and 24 patients with NA-AION from two prospective cross-sectional studies with consecutive sampling (ClinicalTrials.

Identification of mCMQ069, a novel antimalarial with potential for a single-dose cure and/or 28-day chemoprevention.

In efforts towards eliminating malaria, a discovery program was initiated to identify a novel antimalarial using KAF156 as a starting point. Following the most recent TCP/TPP guidelines, we have identified mCMQ069 with a predicted single oral dose for treatment (∼40-106 mg) and one-month chemoprevention (∼96-216 mg). We have improved unbound MPC and predicted human clearance by 18-fold and 10-fold respectively when compared to KAF156.

Are local public expenditure reductions associated with increases in inequality in emergency hospitalisation? Time-series analysis of English local authorities from 2010 to 2017.

Background: Reductions in local government funding implemented in 2010 due to austerity policies have been associated with worsening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality. Less is known about the relationship of these reductions with healthcare inequalities; therefore, we investigated whether areas with greater reductions in local government funding had greater increases in socioeconomic inequalities in emergency admissions.

Methods: We examined inequalities between English local authority districts (LADs) using a fixed-effects linear regression to estimate the association between LAD expenditure reductions, their level of deprivation using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and average rates of (all and avoidable) emergency admissions for the years 2010-2017.

Low incidence of malignancy in patients with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis, examined with FDG-PET/CT.

Introduction: The need to systematically examine patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) for malignancy is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of malignancy in patients with suspected PMR and/or GCA who have been referred to a 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) as part of the diagnostic investigation.

Method: The records of all patients referred to FDG-PET/CT from Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup with the suspicion of PMR and/or GCA during a two-year period, were retrospectively reviewed.

Clinical Evaluation of Deep Learning for Tumor Delineation on F-FDG PET/CT of Head and Neck Cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) may decrease FFDG PET/CT-based gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation variability and automate tumor-volume-derived image biomarker extraction. Hence, we aimed to identify and evaluate promising state-of-the-art deep learning methods for head and neck cancer (HNC) PET GTV delineation. We trained and evaluated deep learning methods using retrospectively included scans of HNC patients referred for radiotherapy between January 2014 and December 2019 (ISRCTN16907234).

Multimodality Imaging in Cranial Giant Cell Arteritis: First Experience with High-Resolution T1-Weighted 3D Black Blood without Contrast Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

In order to support or refute the clinical suspicion of cranial giant cell arteritis (GCA), a supplemental imaging modality is often required. High-resolution black blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BB MRI) techniques with contrast enhancement can visualize artery wall inflammation in GCA. We compared findings on BB MRI without contrast enhancement with findings on 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/low-dose computed tomography (2-[F]FDG PET/CT) in ten patients suspected of having GCA and in five control subjects who had a 2-[F]FDG PET/CT performed as a routine control for malignant melanoma.

Prior Spontaneous or Induced Abortion Is a Risk Factor for Cervical Dysfunction in Pregnant Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

A history of abortion is associated with cervical dysfunction during pregnancy, but there remains uncertainty about whether risk can be stratified by the abortion type, the abortion procedure, or number of previous abortions. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between cervical dysfunction measures in pregnancies with and without a history of termination. Embase and Medline databases were searched from 01 January 1960 to 01 March 2022 resulting in a full-text review of 28 studies.

Timing is everything: Event-related transcranial direct current stimulation improves motor adaptation.

Background: There is a current discord between the foundational theories underpinning motor learning and how we currently apply transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS): the former is dependent on tight coupling of events while the latter is conducted with very low temporal resolution.

Objective: Here we aimed to investigate the temporal specificity of stimulation by applying TDCS in short epochs, and coincidentally with movement, during a motor adaptation task.

Methods: Participants simultaneously adapted a reaching movement to two opposing velocity-dependent force-fields (clockwise and counter-clockwise), distinguished by a contextual leftward or rightward shift in the task display and cursor location respectively.

Real-world Early Outcomes and Retreatment Rates Following Water Vapour Ablative Therapy for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Background: Rezūm water vapour ablation is an effective minimally invasive surgical therapy for the treatment of bladder outflow obstruction.

Objective: To present early outcomes and reoperation rates after Rezūm, including an analysis of retreatment rates to gain an insight into optimal patient selection and the durability of the procedure.

Design Setting And Participants: Data were prospectively collected for consecutive patients undergoing Rezūm for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia between March 2017 and January 2020 at two hospital sites.

The development of preverbs in Northern East Cree: A longitudinal case study.

This study is based on naturalistic speech samples produced by one child learning Cree as her first language (2;01-4;03) and presents the first investigation into the development of preverbs in the language. Preverbs are an optional class of morpheme which precede the lexical verb stem, dividing into grammatical, lexical and directional (deictic) subclasses. Of nine preverb types in the child's inventory, 47/48 tokens are grammatical.

Comparison of temporal artery ultrasound versus biopsy in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Background/objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medical and ophthalmological emergency due to risk of stroke and sudden irreversible loss of vision. Fast and accurate diagnosis is important to prevent complications and long-term high dose glucocorticoids toxicity. Temporal artery biopsy is gold standard for diagnosing GCA.

Residual errors in visuomotor adaptation persist despite extended motor preparation periods.

A consistent finding in sensorimotor adaptation is a persistent undershoot of full compensation, such that performance asymptotes with residual errors greater than seen at baseline. This behavior has been attributed to limiting factors within the implicit adaptation system, which reaches a suboptimal equilibrium between trial-by-trial learning and forgetting. However, recent research has suggested that allowing longer motor planning periods prior to movement eliminates these residual errors.

Effects of pollution-induced changes in oxygen conditions scaling up from individuals to ecosystems in a tropical river network.

Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients and organic matter are common in tropical lowland rivers while little is known about the pollution-induced changes in oxygen availability and respiratory performance of ectotherms in these high temperature systems. We investigated the effects of agriculture and urban land-use on river water oxygen levels (diel measurements), decomposition rates (Wettex) and macroinvertebrate assemblages (field studies), as well as the oxy-regulatory capacity of eight riverine macroinvertebrate taxa (laboratory study) from a tropical lowland river network in Myanmar. The highest decomposition rates (0.

Reducing inequality in avoidable emergency admissions: Case studies of local health care systems in England using a realist approach.

Objective: People in disadvantaged areas are more likely to have an avoidable emergency hospital admission. Socio-economic inequality in avoidable emergency hospital admissions is monitored in England. Our aim was to inform local health care purchasing and planning by identifying recent health care system changes (or other factors), as reported by local health system leaders, that might explain narrowing or widening trends.

Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Effectiveness Through the North West London Vaccination Program: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, as a pandemic. The UK mass vaccination program commenced on December 8, 2020, vaccinating groups of the population deemed to be most vulnerable to severe COVID-19 infection.

Objective: This study aims to assess the early vaccine administration coverage and outcome data across an integrated care system in North West London, leveraging a unique population-level care data set.

Compositional flexibility in Li-N-H materials: implications for ammonia catalysis and hydrogen storage.

Li-N-H materials, particularly lithium amide and lithium imide, have been explored for use in a variety of energy storage applications in recent years. Compositional variation within the parent lithium imide, anti-fluorite crystal structure has been related to both its facile storage of hydrogen and impressive catalytic performance for the decomposition of ammonia. Here, we explore the controlled solid-state synthesis of Li-N-H solid-solution anti-fluorite structures ranging from amide-dominated (Li4/3(NH2)2/3(NH)1/3 or Li1.

Bilateral Vertebral Artery Vasculitis-A Rare Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis and a Difficult Diagnosis Made Possible by 2-[F]FDG PET/CT.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of large vessel vasculitis. GCA is a medical and ophthalmological emergency, and rapid diagnosis and treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is critical in order to reduce the risk of stroke and sudden irreversible loss of vision. GCA can be difficult to diagnose due to insidious and unspecific symptoms-especially if typical superficial extracranial arteries are not affected.

Sensory Attenuation in Sport and Rehabilitation: Perspective from Research in Parkinson's Disease.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor symptoms that are affected by sensory information in the environment. Sensory attenuation describes the modulation of sensory input caused by motor intent. This appears to be altered in PD and may index important sensorimotor processes underpinning PD symptoms.

Direct and indirect effects of cathodal cerebellar TDCS on visuomotor adaptation of hand and arm movements.

Adaptation of movements involving the proximal and distal upper-limb can be differentially facilitated by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) over the cerebellum and primary motor cortex (M1). Here, we build on this evidence by demonstrating that cathodal TDCS impairs motor adaptation with a differentiation of the proximal and distal upper-limbs, relative to the site of stimulation. Healthy young adults received M1 or cerebellar cathodal TDCS while making fast 'shooting' movements towards targets under 60° rotated visual feedback conditions, using either whole-arm reaching or fine hand and finger movements.