Atrial arrhythmias and acute pericarditis triggered by bleach ingestion-associated oesophageal perforation: a case report.

Background: Acute pericarditis due to oesophageal perforation and caustic injury is a rare presentation of bleach ingestion. Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have been associated with certain aetiologies of acute pericarditis. This case report presents a unique occurrence of acute pericarditis following bleach ingestion and intermittent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter triggered by liquid intake.

Urban-rural differences in hypertension prevalence, blood pressure control, and systolic blood pressure levels.

Higher rates of cardiovascular events have been observed among rural residents compared with urban. Hypertension and lack of blood pressure (BP) control are risk factors for cardiovascular events. We compared the prevalence of hypertension and controlled BP, and the distribution of systolic blood pressure (SBP), by urban-rural residence.

Cardiogenic shock in a woman with a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) is an alteration in cardiac structure and function caused by gene mutations or deletions affecting components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We report a case of MCM presenting as cardiogenic shock, ultimately requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement.

Case Summary: A 35-year-old woman with chronic weakness and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, on home dobutamine, was referred to our institution for heart transplantation evaluation.

Percutaneous debulking of tricuspid valve endocarditis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia after prolonged venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with right-ventricular support: a case series.

Background: Over the past 2 years, the utilization of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has increased. While supporting respiratory function, VV-ECMO requires large-bore indwelling venous cannulas, which risk bleeding and infections, including endocarditis.

Case Summary: We describe two adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia who developed ARDS and right-ventricular failure, requiring VV-ECMO and ProtekDuo cannulation.

Primordial Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Purpose: The primordial prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) involves the prevention of the onset of its risk factors. This review explores the associations between early modifiable risk factors and the development of ASCVD in adulthood, as well as evidence-based interventions to prevent them.

Review Methods: A review was conducted on the basis of an in-depth literature search including longitudinal observational data, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2012 or later, clinical trials, and additional manual searches of recent literature based on reference lists of other reviews and relevant guidelines.

Risk of Postdischarge Bleeding From Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among US Black and White Adults.

Background Dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces myocardial infarctions but increases bleeding. The risk of bleeding may be higher among Black patients for unknown reasons. Bleeding risk scores have not been validated among Black patients.

Establishing Care Post Discharge Following a Heart Failure Hospitalization in an Uninsured Heart Failure Population.

Multidisciplinary interprofessional outpatient care improves mortality for patients with heart failure (HF) but is underutilized. We sought to identify factors associated with not establishing outpatient care among uninsured individuals with HF. We included uninsured individuals referred to an interprofessional clinic after a hospitalization with HF from 2016 to 2019.

Genetic European Ancestry and Incident Diabetes in Black Individuals: Insights From the SPRINT Trial.

Background: Black individuals have high incident diabetes risk, despite having paradoxically lower triglyceride and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. The basis of this is poorly understood. We evaluated the participants of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) to assess the association of estimated European genetic ancestry with the risk of incident diabetes in self-identified Black individuals.

Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation - The state of the science and the way forward.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a broad range of patients, including those with coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), after heart valve surgery, and after heart transplantation. Unfortunately, in traditional center-based CR programs participation and adherence are low. A hybrid model of CR, combining center-based and home-based CR services, has been proposed and is currently being studied as a potential way to help bridge the participation gap, while maintaining the beneficial patient outcomes from CR.

Genotype-Guided P2Y Inhibitor Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Bayesian Analysis.

Background: Among patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the role of a genotype-guided approach for antiplatelet therapy compared with usual care is unclear. We conducted a Bayesian analysis of the entire TAILOR-PCI (Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) randomized clinical trial population to evaluate the effect of the genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy post-PCI compared with the usual care on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods: The primary outcome for our study was the composite of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death).

Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile Among Nondiabetic American Young Adults: Insights From NHANES.

Background: The burden of insulin resistance (IR) among young American adults has not been previously assessed. We evaluated (1) the prevalence and trends of IR and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) the association between measures of adiposity and IR among adults 18 to 44 years of age without diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) cycles were analyzed.

Cardiac pathology in COVID-19: a single center autopsy experience.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is commonly associated with myocardial injury and heart failure. The pathophysiology behind this phenomenon remains unclear, with many diverse and multifaceted hypotheses. To contribute to this understanding, we describe the underlying cardiac findings in fifty patients who died with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Outcomes of Individuals With and Without Heart Failure Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and bleeding risks following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are not well defined in individuals with heart failure (HF). We followed 1,145 individuals in the Pharmacogenomic Resource to improve Medication Effectiveness Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy cohort for MACE and bleeding events following PCI for ACS. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to compare MACE and bleeding in those with versus without HF, adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and medications.

Massive pulmonary embolism in a COVID-19 patient: a case report.

Background: Myocardial injury is associated with excess mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, and the mechanisms of injury are diverse. Coagulopathy associated with this infection may have unique cardiovascular implications.

Case Summary: We present a case of 62-year-old male who presented after experiencing syncope and cardiac arrest.

Geographic Variation in Racial Disparities in Health and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the race-stratified state-level prevalence of health determinants and the racial disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cumulative incidence and mortality in the United States.

Patients And Methods: The age-adjusted race-stratified prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity), preexisting medical conditions (pulmonary disease, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and malignant neoplasm), poor health behaviors (smoking, alcohol abuse, and physical inactivity), and adverse socioeconomic factors (education, household income, and health insurance) was computed in 435,139 American adult participants from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Correlation was assessed between health determinants and the race-stratified COVID-19 crude mortality rate and infection-fatality ratio computed from respective state public health departments in 47 states.

ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19.

Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unique challenges in approaching patients with acute ST-segment changes. We describe two distinct cases of ST elevation on electrocardiogram occurring in patients with COVID-19 and review important diagnostic and management considerations for the front-line clinician.

Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy Precipitated by COVID-19 and Influenza A Coinfection.

Myocardial injury is associated with excess mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, but the mechanisms of injury are diverse. We describe a case of stress-induced cardiomyopathy in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A coinfection. ().

A Case of Heart Failure in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present with multiple cardiovascular pathologies, including pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, and premature atherosclerosis. SLE medications can also cause cardiovascular side effects. We present a patient who developed a severe cardiomyopathy secondary to the hydroxychloroquine prescribed to treat her SLE.

Severe myocardial ischemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus and left bundle branch block.

We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, left bundle branch block, and obesity who develops cardiogenic shock after undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging and diagnostic left heart catheterization, but prior to coronary revascularization. This case highlights the risk of cardiac decompensation awaiting surgery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. It also emphasizes the subtleties involved in imaging patients with diabetes mellitus and left bundle branch block, as well as the risk of developing complete heart block in the setting of ischemia with underlying conduction disease.