Relationship between submaximal oxygen uptake, detailed body composition, and resting energy expenditure in overweight subjects.

Objective: We investigated the impact of detailed body composition on aerobic fitness to determine whether regional components of fat mass have independent effects on VO2submax , and whether VO2submax and detailed body composition independently explain variation in REE.

Methods: 71 healthy adults (80% female, 20% male, BMI 28.2-43.

Impact of body composition during weight change on resting energy expenditure and homeostasis model assessment index in overweight nonsmoking adults.

Background: Weight change affects resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic risk factors. The impact of changes in individual body components on metabolism is unclear.

Objective: We investigated changes in detailed body composition to assess their impacts on REE and insulin resistance.

Advances in the understanding of specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues in humans.

Purpose Of Review: To present recent evidence on organ and tissue metabolic rates in humans to explain the variance in resting energy expenditure (REE).

Recent Findings: In humans, present knowledge on specific metabolic activities (i.e.

Issues in characterizing resting energy expenditure in obesity and after weight loss.

Unlabelled: Limitations of current methods: Normalization of resting energy expenditure (REE) for body composition using the 2-compartment model fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) has inherent limitations for the interpretation of REE and may lead to erroneous conclusions when comparing people with a wide range of adiposity as well as before and after substantial weight loss.

Experimental Objectives: We compared different methods of REE normalization: (1) for FFM and FM (2) by the inclusion of %FM as a measure of adiposity and (3) based on organ and tissue masses. RESULTS were compared between healthy subjects with different degrees of adiposity as well as within subject before and after weight loss.

Impact of age on leptin and adiponectin independent of adiposity.

Age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels remain controversial, being affected by inconsistent normalisation for adiposity and body fat distribution in the literature. In a cross-sectional study on 210 Caucasians (127 women, eighty-three men, 18-78 years, BMI 16.8-46.

Impact of intra- and extra-osseous soft tissue composition on changes in bone mineral density with weight loss and regain.

Recent studies report a significant gain in bone mineral density (BMD) after diet-induced weight loss. This might be explained by a measurement artefact. We therefore investigated the impact of intra- and extra-osseous soft tissue composition on bone measurements by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a longitudinal study of diet-induced weight loss and regain in 55 women and 17 men (19-46 years, BMI 28.

Specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues across adulthood: evaluation by mechanistic model of resting energy expenditure.

Background: The specific resting metabolic rates (K(i); in kcal · kg(-1 )· d(-1)) of major organs and tissues in adults were suggested by Elia (in Energy metabolism: tissue determinants and cellular corollaries. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1992) to be as follows: 200 for liver, 240 for brain, 440 for heart and kidneys, 13 for skeletal muscle, 4.5 for adipose tissue, and 12 for residual organs and tissues.