How the selfish brain organizes its supply and demand.

During acute mental stress, the energy supply to the human brain increases by 12%. To determine how the brain controls this demand for energy, 40 healthy young men participated in two sessions (stress induced by the Trier Social Stress Test and non-stress intervention). Subjects were randomly assigned to four different experimental groups according to the energy provided during or after stress intervention (rich buffet, meager salad, dextrose-infusion and lactate-infusion).

Measurement site for waist circumference affects its accuracy as an index of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat in a Caucasian population.

Following experts' consensus, waist circumference (WC) is the best anthropometric obesity index. However, different anatomic sites are used, and currently there is no universally accepted protocol for measurement of WC. In this study, we compare the associations between WC measured at different sites with total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and cardiometabolic risk.

Low plasma lactate concentration as a biomarker of an incompetent brain-pull: a risk factor for weight gain in type 2 diabetes patients.

Objective: Body weight development is closely regulated by central nervous mechanisms. As has been demonstrated recently, the capability of the brain to actively demand energy from the body (brain-pull) is indispensable for the maintenance of systemic homeostasis. A deficit in this brain-pull may result in compensatory ingestive behavior followed by weight gain in the medium or long term.

Contribution of individual organ mass loss to weight loss-associated decline in resting energy expenditure.

Background: Weight loss leads to reduced resting energy expenditure (REE) independent of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) loss, but the effect of changes in FFM composition is unclear.

Objective: We hypothesized that a decrease in REE adjusted for FFM with weight loss would be partly explained by a disproportionate loss in the high metabolic activity component of FFM.

Design: Forty-five overweight and obese women [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 28.

No evidence of mass dependency of specific organ metabolic rate in healthy humans.

Background: In humans, resting energy expenditure (REE) can be calculated from organ and tissue masses using constant specific organ metabolic rates. However, interspecies data suggest allometric relations between body mass and organ metabolic rate with higher specific metabolic rates in mammals with a smaller body mass.

Objective: The objective was to compare the accuracy of REE prediction with the use of either constant or body mass-dependent specific organ metabolic rates.

Familial influences and obesity-associated metabolic risk factors contribute to the variation in resting energy expenditure: the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study.

Background: A low metabolic rate may be inherited and predispose to obesity, whereas a higher metabolic rate in obesity may be acquired by obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk.

Objective: We aimed to explain the interindividual variation in resting energy expenditure (REE) by assessing 1) the association between REE and body composition, thyroid hormones, and obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors, and 2) the familial (genetic and environmental) contribution to REE.

Design: REE and metabolic risk factors (ie, blood pressure and plasma insulin, glucose, and C-reactive protein concentrations) were assessed in 149 two- or three-generation families, including at least one overweight or obese member.

Accuracy of bioelectrical impedance consumer devices for measurement of body composition in comparison to whole body magnetic resonance imaging and dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Objective: To compare body composition determined by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) consumer devices against criterion estimates determined by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy normal weight, overweight and obese adults.

Methods: In 106 adults (54 females, 52 males, age 54.2 +/- 16.

Influence of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance and insulin sensitivity in healthy women.

Background: Voluntary sleep restriction is a lifestyle feature of modern societies that may contribute to obesity and diabetes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of partial sleep deprivation on the regulation of energy balance and insulin sensitivity.

Subjects And Methods: In a controlled intervention, 14 healthy women (age 23-38 years, BMI 20.

Measurement of waist circumference at four different sites in children, adolescents, and young adults: concordance and correlation with nutritional status as well as cardiometabolic risk factors.

Background: This study investigates the concordance of four waist circumference (WC) measurement sites, and examines their relationships with nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk.

Subjects And Methods: In 91 females / 89 males (6.1-19.

Postprandial triglyceride response in men: role of overweight, abdominal fat and nutrition.

Objective: The study analyses i) the effect of overweight, waist circumference and dietary habits on postprandial (pp) triglyceride (TG) response and compares ii) pp TG response with fasting TG levels and iii) pp TG peak values with TG-AUC (area under curve) with respect to cardiometabolic risk assessment.

Methods: In 100 men (44-68 years) body composition (air-displacement plethysmography), dietary habits, cardiometabolic risk and pp lipid metabolism (standardised lipid load) were assessed. A pp TG peak value of 260 mg/dl was used as a cut-off to classify TG normal- and high-responders.